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brown dying leaves is caused by a nutrient deficiency likely nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, chlorine, molybdenum or nickel. These nutrients are mobil nutrients. When one of them is in short supply the plant strips the nutrient from the old leaves and then moves them to support new...

I have this type of light and it takes 30 minutes to achieve full biightness and 30 minutes to slowly dim until it is off. It never startles the fish. I can understand the pump noise. I don't like it either. In my case I place the spray bar from my filter so that it is just above the water...

The snail filler may be just copper sulfate or it might be a chemical attached to copper. If it is chemical attached to copper you need to flush out the tank (many Water changes or a couple of large water changes). Copper by itself is required by all plants and animal, Snails, and Shrimp to...

on a clear day in full sun light levels are up to 20,000 lumens . In my experience the primary reason why duckweed does not grow is lan of nutrients. In high alpine lakes were the water is mainly from snow and rain you often see no aquatic plans and little to now algae. But at lower...

Algae like panuaualitts needs minerals one nutrients to grow. Algae will not grow in pure water. RO water is not pure but close.So RO water may not work without fertilizer added. Additionally there is no way to know what type of algae you will get. You likely will not get green water.

Iodine is an essential nutrient. This means that if there is no iodine in the food or water, you die. Iodine has been shone to e an essential nutrient for all animals.Vanadium and cobalt sodium, selenium have been shown to be essential nutrients for all animals. And there is strong evidence...

Iodine is an element all animals need to live. Plants don't need it to live. Without it they many be unhealthy and die. I am using 100% RO water in my 5 gallon fresh water shrimp tank. I observed on day that my blue dream shrimp were rarely moving. It looked like a person I knew that had...

Some plastic is recycled but every time it is the molecular structure changes a bit. Eventually it is no longer usable. Plastic can mixed with water the pressure cooked to quickly convert it to methane than can be used to make new plastic or be used as a fuel. Metals and other elements can...

DI filters remove all minerals good and bad from the water. GH, KH should be zero Wither GH plants will not grow. It will also remove all nutrients in fertilizers. And minerals that are good for animals, such as sodium and iodine, are also more moved. In short DI filters removes EVERYTHING...

No the GH tees twill only detect Calcium and Magnesium. It will not detect iron or other elements in the water. The GH test will detect Calcium ?magnesium sulfate (CaSO4 MgSo4), chlorides (CaCL2, MgCL2) and carbonate (CaCO3, MgCO3). These compounds don't effect PH. The KH test specifically...

IN my experience CO2 is the least likely cause of plant growth problem. The most common cause of plant growth problem is not enough nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sulfur, chlorine, Iron, Manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and nickel. Floating...

Plants need a lot more than nitrogen to grow. They also need Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, phosphate,sulfur, Iron, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, copper, Molybdenum and nickel. if your tables just have nitrogen they are nothing to work. you want to use a fertilizer with most of the nutrients I...

All life Plants and animals need zinc and magnesium. It is safe to use. I have used lead free copper pipe solder. which is an alloy Tin, Silver, and copper. All life also needs capper. It has been in use for many decades on home copper pipe and it is safe. Tin and Silver are not used by...

The accuracy of these fermometers depend of the emmissivity of IR light from the object you point to plus the effects of anything between it and your (Water and glass). Soil you point it at a rock your reading might actually be from the glass, water, or the rock. All of which should be at...

RO filters will easily reduce hardness to less than one degree. There is no need to go lower. DI filters are not worth the expense

Why.? Most people do one water change per week. That gives you plenty time to store enough RO water for a water change. When used this way one you one 50GPD system and 100% water change once a week you would only need 3 days to get enough water for 3 100 gallon tanks.

Not needed the RO membrane will remove nitrate.

You probably get better results from your fertilizer by taking your once a week and changing it to by spreading it out over multiple days (5 to 6 smaller doses). So 1/5 to 1/6th of your weekly does About 1 smaller dose per day. The main reason for this is that the iron ingredient doesn't last...

We would like to assume fertilizer provides all the elements a plant needs for good growth. However in reality most fertilizer don't have everything a plant needs for good growth. Now you plants can get some elements from the soil. but you stated your soil is fast draining. Which might mean...

is the 3 degrees or 3 ppm? Is that reading KH or GH? If is 3 degrees GH you don't have a calcium problem. Also all foods have calcium. All animals and plants need it to live. The most common problem with snail shells is PH. Acidic water(PH below 7). IN acidic water the shell slowly is...

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RO water can be mixed with unsoftened water to achieve the desired hardness you want. You do not want to mix it with softened water because all of the calcium and magnesium has been removed and replaced with sodium bicarbonate water pressure in animal cells is chemically regulated by the body...

purple leaves soften an indication of phosphate deficiency. Discolored older leaves is often caused by a deficiency in nitrogen, Potassium, magnesium phosphate, chlorine, molybdenum or nickel. Your plants are basically removing these nutrients from the older leaves and moving them to the new...

One alternative to hard to eradicate duckweed is Salvinia minima. it is a larger plant and easy to remove when you don't want it. You can find it for sale on line. Amazon.com often has mutilple people / companies selling it and other floating plants.

Other than light and CO2 plants need 14 element (nutrients) to grow. 7 metal and 7 none metals. If just one is missing the plants will not grow. but these elements need to be soluble in water for the plants to use them. In soil plants release eek acids that break down rock and soil making...

What is the city? Most have public water quality reports. Many reports list the typical water harndness levels. I might be able to find it.

Youprofile indicates you liven michigan. My understanding is that most of Michigans water comes from rivers or the great lakes. These are not hard water sources. Are you using well water?

Your test strips read inpartpermillion. 180ppm GH is 10 degrees harness. Carbonate 240ppmKH is 13.4 degrees. These numbers are not normal. KH is usually less the GH. In your case your KH is higher. Are you adding any thing like a kh or GH booster or backing soda to your water? Any...

A PH difference is a good indication that the water chemistry and nutrient levels are different in your tanks.

One plant was identified as having the allelopathy properties in the southwest desert of the US. No grass would grow around it. However later it was found that rodents were chewing up the grass to get to the seads released by the plant. When the plant was grown in the lab there was no...

xThere was a old theory that plants release substances that kill off other plants and or algae. scientist have found no proof of it. However pepole have seen that when they put on plant in an aquarium others die. And others have seen algae grow and the plants die. Looking for an answer they...

Ihave been making my own micro fertilizers for some time. One of my first micro fertilizers used copper sulfate and that tank I was using it on was a 5 gallon with shrimp and pond snails and Nerite snails. I experimentally ran it up to 20 Parts Per Billion (PPB). Shrimp and pond snails...

I haven't doneThis, but I believe the solution to the undergraverl filter clogging is to not have anything in the sand bed. Instead put a divider in the tank create a small compartment for the pump. The only way for water to get past the divider is through a 1/4" gap between the bottom of the...

It doesn't mater what the Gh of the city water is. His water softener will remove most of it. his test strips read in ppm. 1 degrees 17.8 ppm. so zero degree water can still have quite a bit of GH. 0ppm no GH is not good.

First many test kits measure in either degrees or ppm. 1 degree is 17.8ppm. so less than 1 degree might Be OK but 0ppm is not OK. So is your zero in ppm or degrees? That said salt water softeners are not good for fish. All animals need a balance of potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium...

What is the value of your GH and KH. Animals and plants need calcium and magneisum to live. The fish get most of that through the food they eat. but if you have shrimp and snails that are eating mainly algae they may not get enough. Forplants the primary sources are the water, and the...

I missed the statement about softening pillows. These remove nutrients plants and animals need. Whiteout these plant growth would be significantly slowed or can even stop. When that happens Algae does very well. Also lack of some nutrients in the water can harm and eventually kill fhsh and...

Question how many snails and howbig is the tank? Any Algae? IF you don't have much algae the snails might have been malnourished for some time and are now dying due to starvation.

Salvinia roots only grow to about 1 to 1.5 inches long no longer. Salvinia also gets CO2 from the air and it doesn't need much light to do well. Salvinia like all other plants prefer Annonia but will if necessary use nitrate. Even with just nitrate it grows very well.Plants cannot use N2 from...

Many people have issues with too much nitrate and phosphate. But not everyone does. When i set ups may small tank plants were slowly yiying and my my nitrogen was zero. Myphos-phosphate levels were offf the test kit color chart. frequent large water changes would not keep phosphate levels...