I read through the abstract along with the other documents and I am not seeing how it supports the idea that the bacteria in stability are not normally found in aquaria.
I wonder why to get one's tanks cycled for fish using a bacterial starter like One and Only or Safe Start Plus need only one dose to cycle a tank. Don't just take my ford for this
Read the One and Only directions here:
https://www.drtimsaquatics.com/resources/library/quick-guide-to-fishless-cycling-with-one-and-only/
Read the Safe Start directions here:
https://www.tetra-fish.com/products/water-care/safestart-plus-8-45-oz.aspx
What they say is
Instructions
Shake Well.
To start new aquariums, add entire bottle to aquariums up to 100 gallons. Aquarium is then ready for fish. Consult your retailer for advice on type and number of fish appropriate for your aquarium.
For healthy maintenance, add one teaspoon (5ml) for every 10 gallons when adding fish, after water changes or after replacing filter media.
That BS about seeding it when you add fish or do a wc is there to make Tetra more money, it is really not needed. I do not use a starter when I do change bio-media. I put the new media in the filter and the old media in the tank for a week or two and then remove it. The bacteria prefer to be in a filter than in media out of the flow etc. The bacteria will colonize the new media and will begin dying off in the old. This gives the ompresiion they are moving from one media to the other.
Aerobic granules containing living bacteria nitrifying bacteria. These do not form spores. Spores are not aerobic granules. These were developed for use in wastewater treatment. They are a form of a object to which the autotrophic nitrifying bacteria as well as other heterotrophic bacteria and oxygen is involved form their biofilm. The first development was anaerobic granules.
None of the bacteria mentioned by Seachem is a nitrifier or reproduces by binary division nor has been found by science to be responsible for nitrification in aquariums. Note, that Abstract clearly states that the dominant nitrifiers in the aerobic granules were,
"In fresh aerobic granules, the dominated ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were
Nitrosomonas and
Nitrospira, respectively."
Your are correct that the nitrifying bacteria go dormant, which means almost no energy consumption. This is one of the ways they are able to survive really bad times. They also have some motility as a further defense. If they did not do this how could they have survived for billions of years? They need these qualities because, unlike the heterotrophs, the nitrifiers
do not form spores. Bear in mind that if a colony of a million individuals goes dormant that only one viable cell has to survive in order for more to be created. What wakes the dormant bacteria back up is ammonia etc. again becoming available.
Also, spores and anaerobic granules are not interchangeable terms. They refer to completely different things. An aerobic gramule contains all it needs to do nitrification and a few other things when they are put into use. The main reason they exist is they have a special application to waste water has to do with a couple of factors. Prior to the inception of aerobic granules. waste water treatment relied on flocs to host the needed microorganisms.
A
floc is a type of microbial aggregate that may be contrasted with
biofilms and granules, or else considered a specialized type of biofilm.
[1] Flocs appear as cloudy suspensions of cells floating in water, rather than attached to and growing on a surface like most biofilms. The floc typically is held together by a matrix of
extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), which may contain variable amounts of
polysaccharide,
protein, and other biopolymers.
[2] The formation and the properties of flocs may affect the performance of industrial water treatment
bioreactors such as
activated sludge systems where the flocs form a
sludge blanket.
(from Wikip.)
A common feature of waste water treatment is that the system is flushed regularly. Because a good part of the flocs are floating in the water rather than having setted on the bottom, the floaters are flushed out. An aerobic granule is heavier than a floc, so the granule will settle on the bottom faster which means it is way less likely to get washed out.
None of this has to do with what is in Stability or our tanks. Wat is relevant in all of this is bacterial starters for nitrification in aquariums must contain live bacteria which will be in a dormant state. This is not what is in Stability in any fashion.
If we are going to deal with the science of all of this we need to get it right. Perhaps this will explain aerobic granules a bit clearer:
Volume 6, 2006, Pages 85-98, I
Chapter 4 Mechanisms of aerobic granulation
Publisher Summary
This chapter focuses on the mechanisms of aerobic granulation. Aerobic granulation is a process of microbial self-immobilization without the support of a carrier. Similar to the formation of biofilms and anaerobic granules, aerobic granulation should be a multiple-step process in which a number of physico-chemical and biological factors should be involved. Many factors have been known to affect the formation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Compared with continuous microbial culture, the main feature of SBR is its cycle operation—that is, each cycle consists of filling, aeration, settling, and discharging. In SBR, the settling time is likely to exert a selection pressure on the sludge particles. Only particles that can settle down within a given settling time would be retained in the reactor, otherwise they would be washed out of the system. Selection pressure in terms of upflow velocity has been recognized as a driving force toward successful anaerobic granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Similarly, in aerobic granulation, a selection pressure should be created to promote the formation of aerobic granules in SBR.\
If the dormancy and slight motility (nother subject for further discussion) of the autrophic nitrifiers were not an effective survival strategy then how else do we explain this:
But the new research shows that about 2.5 billion years ago some microbes evolved that could carry the process a step further, adding oxygen to the ammonia to produce nitrate, which also can be used by organisms. That was the beginning of what today is known as the aerobic nitrogen cycle.
The microbes that accomplished that feat are on the last, or terminal, branches of the bacteria and archaea domains of the so-called tree of life, and they are the only microbes capable of carrying out the step of adding oxygen to ammonia.
The fact that they are on those terminal branches indicates that large-scale evolution of bacteria and archaea was complete about 2.5 billion years ago, Buick said.
from
https://www.washington.edu/news/200...were-key-in-developing-modern-nitrogen-cycle/
