Beginers Guide On Keeping Your Fw Tank In Tip Top Condition

Technically, if you are using gravel and not sand, then the vast majority of biological breakdown of toxins doea occur in the substrate. The combined surface area of all those stones creates a perfect static toxin exchanger. The filter media will take out whats in the water, which is mostly dissolved, but the bulk of detrius and fishy poo poo are all broken down in the substrate.

Stop being too picky people.

Great begginer guide.
 
Not a bad basic guide, though a couple of things are perhaps a little off.

20ppm nitrates is what a lot of people get from the tap, research has only shown 100ppm nitrates to be the threshold above which long term exposure has negative effects. I would not put that as the upper limit for nitrates.

Also, so long as you don't need to mess with the chemistry of your tank, pumping straight in from the tap is fine, there is some debate about whether you even need dechlorinator (for both chlorine and chloramines). No need to have huge buckets everywhere, especially useful once you are changing in excess of 70 gallons a week.

And there are plenty of fishkeepers who constantly start a syphon by mouth with no problems, if you do it right you don't get any water. Just a matter of practice.

Finally, you biological filtration should not be taking place in the substrate in this day and age, with the advent of power filters (be they HOB, Cannister, Internal Power or Sump filters) the majority of bacteria will colonise the filter media, this is especially true of people with sand or bare bottom tanks.

As I said, a good guide, but it sadly falls foul to the ever-present problem that no guide can account for all eventualities.

I tried starting a siphon with my mouth and got a mouthful of yummy daphnia
 

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