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This is very useful information for us who want to understand more about filtration and how to have effective filtrations. I read it again and again to understand filtration process and to ensure that I'm doing it correctly.

Here is website on how to cycle your tank by Dr Tim. https://www.drtimsaquatics.com/resources/fishless-cycling/ According to his method and by using his bottled bacteria, you can get your tank cycled on Day 9(estimation). By the way, you have to measure the ammonia and nitrite level to verify...

Hi Jing Kai, Get a few big and small driftwoods(big driftwoods may cost between S$18-38 each) that fit into your tank and some rocks. You can put the plants to be around or in between the driftwoods and rocks. But avoid the Seiryu rocks (grey colour which can increase your GH) which are not...

The beneficial bacteria on the filter floss can't remove Nitrate. They can only remove ammonia and nitrite. Nitrate can only be removed by water changes or plants. There are some filter media from Biohome which claimed to be able to remove Nitrate though I have never tried/tested it before...

I am not an expert in treatment for fins rot. But I'll try my best to give some advice. How much salt did you use? If I'm not wrong, it should be about 1 tablespoon of salt for 20 liter(5 gallons) of water. But for severe cases, salt probably may not be effective. You may need some...

If both volumes are about the same, I will choose a longer aquarium than a cube aquarium. Do you have the dimensions of both tanks?

Scratching usually is a symptom of presence of flukes (skin or gill flukes). Gill flukes can slowly kill your fish. Did any of your fish died? At final stage of gill flukes infection, fish will breathe very fast as the flukes damaged the gills and make them unable to breathe. You can use...

You are right that they spread very fast..usually within a few days.. You can check the treatments that were suggested in my earlier posts.

I think Pleco are quite hardy even in some environments that are unsuitable for other fish as they algae eaters. I see some of my fish killed by some parasites but my Pleco still remains strong. Also, not all cyanobacteria produces toxic. But as a precaution, I won't touch the cyanobacteria...

Firstly, we are talking about different things here. I'm talking about the blue green algae(cyanobacteria) and not the normal algae. Algae can grow any where and almost in any condition as the algae spores can be spread easily through air but not the cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria won't appear...

This blue-green algae is not an algae but a cyanobacteria. From my experience, it gets into your tank mostly through some plants. The plants were most likely planted on places/ponds with polluted water that had this cyanobacteria. In the outside pond, it will kill off all the inhabitants as its...

In my opinion, most animals are smelly unless you can keep them really clean. The bigger the animal, the bigger is the poo, the worse is the smell and the harder to keep them clean. Animals can carry diseases and pest with them. Animals that have hair, fur, feathers can carry mites, fleas with...

I agree with Byron. It will be difficult to use ammonia with plants inside the tank. If you want to know more about cycling the tank with ammonia, please read this website by Dr Tim. It will describe the step by step methods of using the ammonia and live bacteria...

Fish keeping is not easy. The first thing every fish keeper must do is to learn to recognize diseases and to treat them. Some fish often carry diseases with them due to the fish farms and fish stores ponds/tanks that have worms/parasites. Sometimes its due to the live foods that they feed them...

Are they kept with the parents? If yes, you will have to treat them also because if the parents passed the worms into the tank, it will also affect the fry. But for fry, you will have to be careful with the dosage and not to overdose. As far as I know, Praziquantel is safe for the fry. But for...

Do you want to complete at least 3 days first or at least two rounds(two weeks)? According to this website, there is a scoop provided. https://plymouthdiscus.com/ocretail/pd/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=140 I'm not familiar with Esha products, but you can read their website for...

Which packaging did you see? For this type of packaging, a small scoop is provided. Each scoop treats 136 liters of water. So, for 60 liter, it will be slightly less than half a scoop. For other type of packaging, I am not sure but most likely there will be a scoop provided...

If your medication is effective, you can continue to use esha Hexamita. I suppose it contain Metronidazole but I cannot find its ingredients. For internal worms, you will have to use different medications such as Praziquantel or Flubendazole. But probably you don't need this unless esha...

Did the fish stop passing white poo after you used the medication? You need to verify the effectiveness. If its not effective, then you need to change medication. If its effective, then you have to continue to use for another 3-4 weeks to kill off the remaining parasites that are in eggs form...

If your dosage is correct, then it could be the parasites that killed the fish. How long did you treat them with eSha Hexamita? Usually you have to treat the tank for 3-4 weeks. All tanks that have the fish need to be treated because the parasites or worms will lay eggs that stay in the tank...

Sorry, I have not used these medications before. For precaution, perhaps you can use one type first and follow the manufacturer dosage. Use a second type on the following if they don't recover. Or probably search the internets for more information to find out how to use both together. Here are...

I agree with Essjay. I think your only option is Reverse Osmosis or Distilled water which has GH 0. Though Discus requires soft water, you can still mix some of your tap water with the RO or DI water to get a GH of 3-5 or 50-100ppm (my rough estimation).

By the way, have you tried Metronidazole? According to the website below, Metronidazole combine with Neomycin can treat fish bloating of digestive tract. Probably a combination of both is more effective. https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication2.html#minocycline...

If the ceramic media is kept outside the filter, it's not very useful. Probably the BB will be reduced since there is not enough food. By the way, too strong filter is bad but you don't want it to be too slow. Usually I aim for a flow rate of about 4-5 times the tank size per hour. Example: if...

I'm not an expert in this. I'm wondering whether you can get some antibiotic for internal treatment. I used this before but I am not sure of its effectiveness. This product is from the UK...

Did you buy a water pump or an internal filter? If you buy an internal filter, you can put anything inside - sponge or ceramic rings provided they can fit into the internal filter. Usually when you changed to a lower power filter, the compartment will be smaller. If you want to reuse all the...

Sorry, just saw your posts about the brands of food that you used. I am using my handphone to type, so I may miss some of the messages. I don't have experience with Fluval Bug and I can't comment on it.

Did you raise your own bbs? Some bbs from lfs can be infected due to the place where they keep the bbs. Probably you can reduce bbs and provide some balance food/diet. So far I find that Dr Bassleer Regular M size is suitable for my fish and even my picky Blue Rams and Apistogrammas would eat...

Here is a link about Epsom salt usage: 1-3 teaspoons for 5 gallons. You can use a rough estimation. I don't think it need to be very precise. https://www.ratemyfishtank.com/blog/constipationindigestion-in-aquarium-fish Usually it's diet issue and not stress. If you feed them with live food...

Check for any brands of medication that has Metronidazole. I'm from another country and we have Eiho brand here. I'm not sure about the causes of bloating but I have some suggestions for you. 1)Firstly, did you feed them with frozen bloodworms? Is there any long white poo from the fish...

Look for medication with Metronidazole. Hikari has Metro. https://www.hikariusa.com/water_quality_folder/metro.html API general cure is a combination of Metronidazole and Praziquantel. They are expensive and in limited quantity and not my choice of medication. What are the symptoms of your fish?

Any fish that doesn't eat for 3 weeks is definitely sick. Most common diseases with Discus are internal infection (either worms/bacteria/ protozoa) and gill flukes. You can use Metronidazole to cure the internal parasites. Most Discus are infected when they are in the fish stores. Some LFS...

Anyway, for your case it's definitely not due to ich. If a fish died of ich, its whole body will be full of white spots. For your case, most likely it's due to ammonia poisoning though some disease like gill flukes can also cause fast breathing at final stage. As long as you change 70% of...

Did you add any new plants? I don't think ich can survive so long in dormant stage(in eggs or cysts form) unless you are keeping your fish in cold water. Plants are hosts to many types of parasites and pests. You have to sterilize them and quarantine them before putting into your tank. This is...

Here are some extra information about fishless cycling with videos: https://www.drtimsaquatics.com/resources/fishless-cycling/ Here is one example of Ammonium Chloride. https://store.drtimsaquatics.com/Ammonium-Chloride-Solution-for-Fishless-Cycling.html

When you have many fish in a tank plus heavy feeding, it's best to change large water once a week. In the past, when I was keeping Discus, I changed at least 100% of water once a week. Here is how I changed the water: I would first siphon out 80-90% of water. Then I would refill the tank with...

Sorry to hear about the loss of your fish. In future, if you have fish that is breathing fast, there are two possible treatments: 1)If you suspect its due to Ammonia poisoning, you can try to dip the fish in Methylene blue. 2)But if you suspect its due to gill flukes infection, you can dip the...

I don't think it's ich when the fish only has two white dots and other fish are not affected. There are a few things that you have to check. 1)Did you add any new plants or fish for the last "one month"? Plants and fish can carry parasites with them. 2)How often did you change the water? And...

Eheim should be good as Essjay mentioned and it also saves energy. Eheim products usually requires lower energy than other brands but still delivers the same power. But take note that their new "hang on filters" by Eheim suck as they changed the material of the filter container and it cracks...

Welcome! :hi: