The big water change at the end of the cycle with a a good clean may sort most of it out.On a side note only redose your ammonia to 2/3 ppm when it zeros. You don't want your nitrites going too high. You maybe know this already. Good luck on the cycle.
That picture looks exactly like the stuff I had on my fluval edge during cycling, although i still have absolutely no idea what it was haha ... I cleaned the majority of it off during a water change and the rest just cleared up on its own within a week or so .
Bit of an update. After emptying my filter, taking out loads ofthe stuff from the bottom of it, the water is a lot clearer. There are less of the particles and the bits of white fluff on the glass and pipe are turning brown.