It's quite likely they did survive that long; my aunt had a goldfish back in the 60s and 70s that lived to about 20. Spent it's whole life in a little 5 gallon, angle iron tank that she scrubbed out with Vim every Sunday. No light, no plants, no filter. Goldfish are tough! It is why, sadly, a goldfish in a bowl/tiny tank is a 'thing'; no one tries keeping seahorses, or discus like it, because they wouldn't last a day. Poor goldies!!
Of course, the fact that they can survive doesn't make it right or morally acceptable, as GobyMaster rightly says.
Science and animal rights have moved on a long way now, and there's no excuse for continuing to do things just because they were done and, to a certain extent worked, in the past.