RandomWiktor
Rabid Betta Activist
I'll def. search and get back to you on it ; I read about most of it in books and magazines, and I believe Scientific American had an article on some of the said experiments once. In the mean time, here's an adorable picture of a calico fantail who was trained to push a mini soccer ball into a goal, and a quote from the National Geographic article:
And a link on training fish, including goldies, bettas, and oscars: Link There is a photo gallery of the subject goldfish playing "football," "soccer," swimming through hoops and tubes, being hand fed, swimming under a "hurdle," etc.
Ah, and here is a link about goldfish memory, which is apparenly up to three months. It also discusses their 'internal clock.' Interesting stuff.
And a link about avoidance learning.
It is worth remembering that young, sickly goldfish crammed by the hundreds into an over-crowded, unclean, stressful aquarium in a feeder tank are a poor representation of the species. If you wanted to study the interactions and behavior of pigs, would you seek feral boar, or a sow in a gestation crate on a factory farm? If you wished to study the behavior of tigers, would you research them in the wild, or performing tricks inbetween intense confinement at a circus? Goldfish in pet stores are out of their element - severely - and can not be considered accurate representations of their intelligence and behavior.
Albert Einstein, a calico fantail goldfish, is not your ordinary pet goldfish. He has learned to take food from his owner's hand, swim through hoops and tubes, and even put a miniature soccer ball into a goal!
....
The Pomerleaus bought a "finger soccer" kit from a dollar store and put weights on the tiny net and ball so they would sink to the bottom of the tank.
First Albert earned a food reward every time he swam toward the net. This training technique is called positive reinforcement. The fish likes the treat, so it learns to repeat the action to get additional treats.
Once Albert learned to go toward the net, Kyle and his dad added a new step—ball handling. Eventually Albert learned to push a ball into a goal.
The trainer learns patience and persistence, the father-son team says. It may take five or six training sessions a day for three weeks to teach a fish to swim through a hoop. Just like kids, individual fish learn at different speeds!
And a link on training fish, including goldies, bettas, and oscars: Link There is a photo gallery of the subject goldfish playing "football," "soccer," swimming through hoops and tubes, being hand fed, swimming under a "hurdle," etc.
Ah, and here is a link about goldfish memory, which is apparenly up to three months. It also discusses their 'internal clock.' Interesting stuff.
And a link about avoidance learning.
It is worth remembering that young, sickly goldfish crammed by the hundreds into an over-crowded, unclean, stressful aquarium in a feeder tank are a poor representation of the species. If you wanted to study the interactions and behavior of pigs, would you seek feral boar, or a sow in a gestation crate on a factory farm? If you wished to study the behavior of tigers, would you research them in the wild, or performing tricks inbetween intense confinement at a circus? Goldfish in pet stores are out of their element - severely - and can not be considered accurate representations of their intelligence and behavior.