You can put live plants into a tank being fishlessly cycled. Its a good idea to wait until the very end of the process to add the plants, not so much because of it slowing the process down... plants can use ammonia as their nitrogen source (some actually prefer it) and whether the bacteria take the ammonia out of the water and turn it into nitrate (eventually) or the plants use it directly, it doesn't matter.
In fact, many folks in the planted section won't do a "fishless cycle", instead they will do a "silent cycle". Planting lots of stem plants into the substrate (75%, I believe) and then add a few fish. The plants take up the ammonia so the tank is instantly "cycled" from that perspective. Ultimately, the bacteria may develop a bit, but the plants themselves deal with the issue.
As far as needing to know about substrates, fertilizers, etc. to have live plants. That's not really true. The key is to buy plants that match the lights. Keep the lighting low and the plants correct for those lights, and the fish waste will provide sufficient fertilizer that you don't need to add anything.
Some plants to start with for easy growth: anubias and java fern. You can also add some anacharis (egeria densa) as well. There are many more, but these are all VERY easy to find.