From your picture, the elements are exposed which should have caused a trip either between your live and neutral or live and earth. Im pretty sure your fish tank would have been live if the heater was turned on in your picture.
An RCD measures the current in both your live and neutral conductors. If a fault on your circuit occurs then the currents in each conductor with change. The RCD will detect this and trip which in turn will protect whatever equipment the RCD is protecting. It is well worth reading up on.
I have fitted many (im an electrician) and RCD disconnects very quickly, when testing an RCD the test results are recorded in milliseconds rather than seconds. It could save your fish at the end of the day!
http/www.greenbrook.co.uk/pdf/pbcatpg21-22.pdf
The only problem with RCD's is something called 'nuisance tripping'. It can happen but you may want to risk it.
Thanks for that. Apparently you can get them at b&q so will purchase one.. Cheers
If the electrics didn't 'trip' and the heater was still on, would the water have certainly been live?