The most common method in a goldfish pond is to use an air pump to keep the water well stirred in some spot of the surface. It avoids the issues of a water pump freezing since you are only moving air, not water. Another thing that is used in colder climates is a heater made for a stock tank. It floats in the water and will keep a hole open by warming the water. The trouble with those is that they are rated in kilowatts, not watts. If you got your power for free they might be OK but I bring my fish indoors because I don't want to pay that power bill. As FHM mentioned, the ground itself seldom gets down to freezing temperature once you are under the ground more than a foot or two so the heat from the earth, in a deep pond, can be used as the heat source to keep the surface open by just circulating the water well with that air pump.