So far, I'm thinking that I like rainbow fish a lot, but it seems like they like a lot of space to swim, which may not jive with a heavier planted tank...if I end up planting heavily lol. Also, I'm finding conflicting opinions on how they handle hard water.
It depends upon the species. Some are better in moderately hard water (what you have), some are better in softer water. And there are those that will manage in between. Same goes for swimming room...a 4-inch species will obviously need a bit more room within the tank than will a 2 inch species.
Another question I have is, since plants require what fish produce (nitrogen products) to live. Can I just have a planted tank for awhile, while I'm making sure it is properly cycled for fish?? Or will they not do well until I add in fish??
TTA has answered this one way, and as I always use the "silent cycle" method I will just add a couple of my observations. Plants need nitrogen, and this comes from the ammonia produced by fish and the breakdown of organics. Without fish in the tank, there will not be much ammonia. I have a 20g tank with plants and snails; I use this as my QT for new fish acquisitions. For sometimes months it remains fish-less, and the plants will survive but not thrive. When I add some fish newly acquired, and they stay in this tank for five, six, seven or sometimes more weeks depending, I always see a significant increase in plant growth and appearance after a couple weeks. I am convinced this is due to the influx of ammonia. I do a 50% water change weekly (fish or not) and I add one dose of Flourish Comprehensive weekly, fish or not.
I have found that floating plants are ideal in new tanks. They are at the surface, which gives them what we term the aerial advantage: they can assimilate CO2 from the air. This is about four times faster than plants taking up CO2 from the water, and obviously there is no shortage of CO2 in the air as there may be in the water. So floating plants tend to be fast growing, as they have this CO2 advantage plus the light is brighter at the surface. Just add a comprehensive liquid fertilizer and you're set.
As for "making sure it is properly cycled for fish," this is not something you fuss over, and there is no way anyway. Ammonia and nitrite will (or should) be zero throughout. That is the whole point of this method, it avoids such issues so the fish are better off.
Byron.