I've spent the past few decades learning how wrong I can be - welcome to the club.
Still, it would take a Betta days to eat a Cory, even if they were scavengers. They eat small insects that land on the surface in nature, not armoured fish. Their upturned mouths are not good for eating bottom oriented fish, and their teeth aren't going to get far on a body like a Cory has. It doesn't seem believable to me - you would have seen it happening. If you don't know if the Betta killed the Corys and ate them for sure, then inattention to the tank, and dead fish you missed polluting the water seems way more likely.
If you are going to find a long term solution, you have to have watched closely. The advice about not keeping the two together is solid, if it is a small tank. That's a mistake a lot of people make.
We live and learn.