37 gl tank, how many fish I can put in!!!! 9 fishes now but the tank looks empty!!!

This is very interesting and clarifying! If I correctly grasped the idea here, my soft water (if not altered) is better suited for soft water fish from south america and south asia (tetras, gouramis, etc) while hard water species such as livebearers need harder water. This totally make sense to me now and gave me an idea of adding a second aquarium that will be dedicated to hard water species (of course adding crushed coral to make the water hard for these guys). A third aquarium will be for saltwater fish like clown fish! I am very excited about this ''science'' :)

There is more to creating hard water from soft source water. Crushed coral is not a good buffer, you need both calcium and magnesium. This is where calcareous substrates and mineral salt preparations come into play. A substrate composed of calcareous sand, such as you can buy for rift lake cichlids, is good. A marine substrate is fine if it does not contain sodium chloride (common "salt"). In addition, at water changes you would mix the water outside the aquarium, by adding rift lake salts to the tap water to get the desired GH. Marine salts are not good here because they do contain sodium chloride, and no freshwater fish needs this and it does cause issues for the fish.
 
With a pH well below 7, the ammonia reading will all be in the ammonium form so it won't harm the fish. Had the pH been over 7, it would be a different story.*

But there is no safe form of nitrite, and whenever there is a reading above zero you need to do a water change to get it back down to zero. This is why cycling with fish is hard work.



*Ammonia in water exists in 2 forms - ammonia, which is toxic to fish, and ammonium, which is a lot less toxic. The amount in each form depends on the pH. Above pH 7.0, there is a lot in the toxic form, but below pH 7, most if not all is in the less toxic form. Our test kits measure 'total ammonia' which is both forms combined so we can't tell from the ammonia test alone how harmful the water is. We need to look at pH as well.
This is interesting and a new information for me. By the way, I tested tap water and some level of ammonia was there between .25 and .5ppm.
 
This is interesting and a new information for me. By the way, I tested tap water and some level of ammonia was there between .25 and .5ppm.

Ottawa uses chloramine to treat its water, that is the source of ammonia this low. Chloramine is a mix of chlorine and ammonia, and it is being used in many places to increase the potency because straight chlorine does dissipate out fairly quickly.
 
Byron posted just as I was finishing typing :)


At one time, chlorine was the only disinfectant used by water providers. In recent years this has been replaced by chloramine in many places. Chloramine is ammonia and chlorine joined together, and the ammonia half shows up in the ammonia test.

Water conditioners split chloramine into chlorine and ammonia; they remove the chlorine but leave the ammonia in the water. Many water conditioners also contain something to detoxify ammonia. This detoxification is temporary, lasting 24 to 36 hours. The idea is that well before it can become toxic again, the filter bacteria will have removed the ammonia from chloramine (or the plants will have removed it in a tank with live plants). That's why it is usually recommended to use one of the water conditioners which detoxify ammonia where the water provider adds chloramine.
With low pH, this ammonia is virtually all ammonium, so where the tank pH is acidic, it isn't necessary to use a water conditioner which detoxifies ammonia.
 
Byron posted just as I was finishing typing :)


At one time, chlorine was the only disinfectant used by water providers. In recent years this has been replaced by chloramine in many places. Chloramine is ammonia and chlorine joined together, and the ammonia half shows up in the ammonia test.

Water conditioners split chloramine into chlorine and ammonia; they remove the chlorine but leave the ammonia in the water. Many water conditioners also contain something to detoxify ammonia. This detoxification is temporary, lasting 24 to 36 hours. The idea is that well before it can become toxic again, the filter bacteria will have removed the ammonia from chloramine (or the plants will have removed it in a tank with live plants). That's why it is usually recommended to use one of the water conditioners which detoxify ammonia where the water provider adds chloramine.
With low pH, this ammonia is virtually all ammonium, so where the tank pH is acidic, it isn't necessary to use a water conditioner which detoxifies ammonia.
Perfect! Thank you to all the members here for these insights. I am very happy to join such a happy friendly and scientifically established community.

PS: I am also a scientist but more on the mathematics side though ;)
 
How many snails I can put in my tank?
I think 6 nerites would be enough for a 37 gallon. It also depends how much algae there is in the tank. You could go for assassin snails but they can eat tiny fish and fry, although mine were never successful. A few apple/mystery snails could be an option or the cool rabbit snail. Or if you want a cheap option, just get a handful of pest snails. Soon you will hundreds of vacum cleaners non stop reproducing...
 
While you are sleeping they will crawl into your mouth and nostrils while 2 other ones eat your eyes...
They will vacuum you up like algae, sucking every particle of life from you. They will slither in a lethal slime... And will suffocate you with a few leaves they stole from my nana plant and block your throat with it. They will make you inhale their poop...
(moderators, I hope this is not too violent but snails need their revenge too)
 
They will vacuum you up like algae, sucking every particle of life from you. They will slither in a lethal slime... And will suffocate you with a few leaves they stole from my nana plant and block your throat with it. They will make you inhale their poop...
(moderators, I hope this is not too violent but snails need their revenge too)
The last part was too harsh...
 

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