It seems in my experience that overall health and how comfortable they are in their surroundings. Sick or stressed fish will generally look very washed out.
Out of the fish you like only the dwarf gourami and possibly danios ie; celestial pearl danios would be suitable. The rams would be ok, but require different water conditions than most fish. I would keep your neons increase the group to 6-8, maybe do the same with the penguins. Add one more...
What equipment do you have with the tank? That will decide how much more you'll have to spend. It also depends on what you expect to do with the tank. Fish only, fish with live rock, reef tank?
Looks really good. But the Devil in me would like to ask, "Wouldn't it have been cheaper to buy a stand and canopy?"
Don't get me wrong, I love DIY, but it just seems so expensive.
Possibly. The design of the filter is to keep the bacteria on the two blue plastic inserts. I've replaced the cartridge in mine numerous times and had no issues with spikes in ammonia or nitrite.
Lower light won't make them any healthier. Lots of plants real or fake will make them more comfortable. As will increasing the school size to at least 6 glow-lights, after the tank has cycled.
I actually have a couple of their brand, topfin, they work really well. Since you're state side I would recommend a submersible heater from www.truaqua.com I have these in all my other tanks, and they work great.
I think you might be thinking of Chinese algae eaters. Here's a link to the fish I'm talking about.
http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/crossocheilus-langei/
I have a Philippine blue angel that was born without a pectoral fin. I had him a week before I noticed. She's very healthy and has no problems competing. As for the barbs, it depends. Some aren't bad, others are.
Here's a link to all the info you'll need for the barbs...
The bulldog pleco I recommended get to 3-3 1/2", so they fit in your size range. You could move the oto's, as long as there is enough algae. The best fish for bba is a Siamese algae eater, sometimes called flying foxes. Just be certain it has a black lateral stripe that goes through the tail fin.
Bolivian rams, laetacara sp., nanochromis, kribs, and butterfly jewel cichlids are all suitable. Of course at most you're looking at a pair of a single species.
Yeah that could just be a scar. Look up hole in the head, usually a cichlid disease but can affect other fish. I don't know what meds are available in the UK for it...
Here's a link to an article on both conditions. http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/disease/HITH-HLLE.php
7.6 is the upper end, but they are very adaptable fish, unlike many of their dwarf cousins. As for lights, what you have is decent lighting so anything I listed should grow fine. I would use 1-6500k daylight bulb 40 watts and one plant bulb 40 watts. As for brands that's I buy mine from home...
Rasbora, tetras, danios, barbs, loaches, rainbowfish, cory cats are all types of fish that don't like to be alone. They feel more comfortable and behave more "naturally" in groups of 6 or more.
A lone fish may live a long time, but its a stressful life. I would highly recommend returning the...
It will grow for a while, then a few weeks to months down the road it will begin to rot.
For your two schools, why not add more von rio tetras and the neons. Nice color contrast between the two. Rams will do just fine on their own.
Firstly I would recommend returning the neon and rasbora. They really need to be in groups of six or more each.
As for your plants, the big one is an Amazon sword, you can cut off some of the leaves, from the outside edge. Personally I'd replace it with something else, maybe a cryptocorine...
Yeah, they are usually absolute terrors. I would return them and inform the seller that they aren't peaceful. You should be able to get full store credit. I would recommend 6-10 oto cats instead. They stay small like to school and are great algae eaters.
Besides the ones I mentioned, if you're willing to dose once a week, apontogeon bulbs, lilies, vals, saggitaria, most of the bunch plants commonly available, should all do well. What type of lights do you have, and how many watts total?
Looks like a horrible case of hlle. Melafix won't help. You should setup a hospital tank and treat with an actual medication not an herbal astringent. If it is hlle, then your ram might be getting it to. As for healing, not likely. At most the lesion will heal over, but the lost tissue won't...
Welcome to the hobby and the forum!
Seems you've been doing everything right. Unfortunatelly, I can't think of anything that would be similar to the rtbs that would work. As for the cories, yes you should up their numbers to at least 6, and I would go with six cherry barbs, as gold barbs can...
I would up the number of the loach to 3-6. As with most loaches they do better in groups of their own.
You don't give any info as to what you like, so I'll just give you ideas of some of the fish I like.
8-neon dwarf rainbows
1m/1f pearl gourami pair
4-6 Bolivian rams
8-bleeding heart tetras...
2 rams will be fine. If you don't have an interest in breeding them, just get 2 at random. Males or females they will get along with one another.
Other than that, your stocking would look ok. The only change I might make would be to change the bnp for 5-7 oto cats. Great algae eaters, with much...
If you want to keep the South American theme with the fish, a group of Bolivian rams or an apistogramma species 2m/ 4+f would do well. If you don't mind something from Asia, a pair of pearl gouramis would be nice and add activity at the surface.
As for lighting, standard 6500k or plant bulbs...