Difficult with such a large and diverse group of fish. So, generally, (there are exceptions)...
Female barbs are larger then males, noticeably deeper in the body when viewed from the side, and wider when viewed from above or front.
Most male barbs are more colourful then their females.
Many male barbs, (particularly Asian species), have extensions to fins females do not have.
--- I could go on. There are hundreds of barbs. Care to narrow it down a little?