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What is difference between molly,platy, female swordtail

Aniket

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Mostly they looks similar so how to differentiate them from each other?
I have kept swordtail's and molly in same tank. Molly fry of 2 months with orange colour showing black line on its both sides like male swordtail. I havent seen mollies with such pattern.
 
So they all belong to the same family ( Poeciliidae) with mollies and guppies sharing a Genus ( Poecilia) so Biologically speaking they are quite closely related. I believe (someone with more livebearer experience correct me) that they are all able to interbreed.
Platys tend to be quite short and compact when compared to swordtails which are more elongate, guppies also tend to be more elongate but much smaller than both platys and swordtails.
They are commonly confused at some pet stores and indeed "mollies" encompass many species which can make it a little confusing.
When I doubt a good aquarium book can be used for identification and a good starting point for a care guide.
 
Mollies and guppies (and endlers) are all in the genus Poecilia, and they can all interbreed, in theory at least. Mollies in shops tend to be hybrids of more than one type of molly. Endlers in shops are endler-guppy hyybrids, you have to go to a specialist breeder to get pure endlers.

Platies and swordtails are in the genus Xiphophorus, and they can interbreed. Fish sold in shops are often hybrids to some degree.

Fish in the genus Poecilia cannot interbreed with those in the genus Xiphophorus.
 
Endlers in shops are endler-guppy hyybrids, you have to go to a specialist breeder to get pure endlers.

Members please note, If buying Endlers.
To be considered N class they must be documented pure ( kinda like papers for a pedigree dog or cat ) if they are not then they are P or K class.

With endlers it is best to have more males than females, The boys spend most of the time showing off to eachother and leave the girls alone.

If you are buying N class do not mix them with Guppies or lower grade Endlers try to keep the strain pure, If you want to mix them with guppies get K class and have fun.

  • N Class: Are documented to have originated from their native waters in Venezuela and are considered genetically "pure". This also includes all progeny from these Endlers when bred with other N Class Endlers. Strains include: Black Bar, Peacock, Red Chest, Double Red Stripe, Snake Chest, Flame Tail, Center Peacock.
  • P Class: Appear to have characteristics of an N Class Endler, but whose origins and pedigree are not documented. Strains are similar to N Class.
  • K Class: Are known to have been crossbred with other live-bearing species, such as Poecilia reticulate (guppy). There are many strains.


Guppies and Endlers produce quite stunning offspring.
I have heard of Muppies ( Molly Guppy cross )



Mostly they looks similar so how to differentiate them from each other?

I have no trouble telling them apart.
 
The two main species of molly sold in pet shops are Poecilia sphenops (common or black molly) and Poecilia velifera (sailfin molly), or hybrids of these or other species of molly.

The common or black molly doesn't grow as big as the sailfin molly and has smaller fins (especially the dorsal fin) than the sailfin.

All mollies come in a range of colour forms (black, white, orange, yellow, marble, and combinations of colours) due to inbreeding and hybridisation between different species, and they also come in lyretail and normal tail forms.

Mollies and guppies do not hybridise even tho they are in the same genus. There is research being done to try and work out if guppies actually belong in the genus Poecilia, with some people believing they should be moved into a different genus.

Guppies will hybridise with Endler's Livebearers but this should not be allowed. Try not to hybridise different species.

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Swordtails grow bigger than platies and the males have the long filament on their tail. Male platies do not have the filament and are shorter and look stockier than swordtails, which are a little more slender.

Most swordtails and platies sold in pet shops are hybrids created by crossing different species of swordtail and platy together to get new colours. Inbreeding has increased the colour range and the filaments on the tail.

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All livebearers are sexed the same way. Look at the anal (bottom) fin, males have a long straight anal fin called a gonopodium. They use this to impregnate females during breeding.

Female livebearers have a fan or triangular shaped anal fin.

Young male livebearers have a fan or triangular shaped anal fin until they mature, then it turns into a gonopodium.

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If you are interested in pure species of livebearer, you should see if the local pet shop can get in wild caught fish, or contact a livebearer society or aquarium society (assuming there are any new you). Alternatively meet people (online) that live in countries where these fish naturally occur and see if they can get some for you.
 
Guppies will hybridise with Endler's Livebearers but this should not be allowed. Try not to hybridise different species.

As long as you know it has been done, what really is the problem? I mean we hybridise other fish and animals all the time, just sticking with the fish hobby there are many crossed species (eg flowerhorn).
From a species preservation point of view I can see that you would want to keep those individuals genetically "pure". But other than that I don't see an issue, unless it causes sterile deformed fish?
 
As long as you know it has been done, what really is the problem?
That is the problem. A lot of people hybridise fish and other animals and don't tell the world. They say new fish and everyone says "Yay, it's more colourful and adds to the collection of fishes we have in our aquariums. So why not keep it?"

If everyone was honest enough to say, yes it's a hybrid between X & Y and they are sterile and will not survive in the wild, then I wouldn't have a problem. Unfortunately most hybrids are not well known (eg: Siamese fighting fish sold in shops are a hybrid between Betta splendens and B. imbellis) and most hybrid fishes produce fertile young.

This can create problems if the fish are ever released into the wild and whilst most people don't release fish into the wild, it still happens. We have regulations in Western Australia where aquaculture ponds are not allowed to be located within 500 meters of a natural water way and yet fish still get washed out of their ponds and end up in local rivers.

People deliberately release fish into rivers too. We have some lovely Geophagus brasiliensis living in the fresh water creeks and streams north of Perth in WA and they were put there by an aquarist who wanted to have a local population to harvest and sell to shops. Obviously these fish are not hybrids and won't breed with native fishes but they have eaten most of the native fishes in the area.

We had an issue some time back in Australia where an alleged new bloodline of Glossolepis incisus had been smuggled into the country. A lot of fish breeders including myself bought some of these fish and mixed them in with our current stock to add new genetic material. We are not allowed to bring rainbowfish into Australia so our current stocks had not seen any new bloodlines since 1982 when quarantine regulations came into force and banned the importation of rainbowfishes. It turned out the new bloodline was simply a cross/ hybrid between Glossolepis incisus and G. wanamensis (G. wanamensis is on the endangered species list). Thousands of G. incisus were bred and put onto the market and 12 months later it was revealed the fish were in fact hybrids. The anal fin on G. wanamensis is massive whereas G. incisus have a small anal fin. Some of the young male G. incisus started producing huge anal fins and showed yellow and blue scales on their body. Because of this, thousands of hybrids were put on the market and sold as a pure species but were in fact hybrids. This screwed up bloodlines all over the country and put the true species at risk of becoming extinct in this country. It also ruined a number of fish farmers who got a bad name for selling hybrids even tho they didn't know they were hybrids until it was too late.

Most wild fishes are endangered regardless of what governments around the world say. The only reason fish haven't disappeared from the oceans and rivers is because of the number of eggs they produce. If fish only produced 10 eggs per year there would be no fish. Fortunately most fish species produce hundreds (or more) of eggs each year and that helps keep populations high enough to make people think there isn't a problem.

If we encourage hybrids and the wild fish stocks do die off, do we put hybrids back in the rivers and oceans?

If hybrids are released or escape into the wild and breed with wild forms, what happens to the original wild species? Is it acceptable for that to happen?

If people want hybrids, that is up to them. As long as they inform people who get those fishes that they are hybrids, and they don't let any get into the natural water ways, then it's not an issue. But not everyone is honest or can be counted on to do that.
 
I'm not going to disagree with you on any of your point, and certainly you make quite a compelling argument regarding hybrid species.
Just a couple of points if I may:

Firstly hybridisation encroaches on our definitions of a species in the first place. The traditional definition of a species is a group of individuals which are able to interbreed to produce fertile offspring. So by this definition there are a considerable number of animal, plant and fungal species which are, well, not separate species. Obviously we now use genetics as well as morphology and behaviour to define species as well.

Aquaculture obviously has this bad image with escapees, but most farms certainly in developed countries do take the issue seriously and make all possible attempts to prevent any fish from escaping. Although escapees can still happen.

Your statement about the endangered wild fish stocks is not technically true, yes the numbers of eggs produced by a female is very large but firstly the survival rate of these eggs to a mature adult is very small. And Secondly it’s not the juveniles they are counting, when estimating fish populations certainly to assess how endangered they are, they are looking at the effective breeding population, which excludes juveniles, and where possible related individuals.

A lot of what you are saying is getting into the ethic of species survival, in fact they have asked that very question with Galapagos tortoises, rhinos wild cats, Tilapia and many other species around the world. If we don’t have a “pure” line any more do we let it all go extinct, or do we do the next best thing?

It is a complicated issue and one which might have to be more common in the future.
 
Guppies will hybridise with Endler's Livebearers but this should not be allowed.
That is correct N class Endlers should be kept pure.
 

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