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Actually an airstone does a better job than a powerhead pointed at the surface (unless of course the powerhead is fitted with a venturi) Its all to do with the ammount of surface area disturbed, the millions of tiny bubbles exploding on the surface create a huge surface area to interact with the air where as the powerhead just pushes a smooth stream of water, think of it as the equivilent of a sponge versus the surface of a smooth stone of identical size.
Of course the vast majority of tanks get enough oxygen to keep the fish alive just from having the filter return ripple the surface and its only in times of higher oxygen demand that an airstones higher efficiency is really of any real use.
I disagree, CFC.
Agreed, it is to do with the amount of surface area disturbed, and to elaborate on that, it really comes down to the more surface area available, the more oxygenation will take place.
Bubbles exploding at the surface do create a larger surface area for gaseous exchange, however a powerhead constantly brings fresh water to the surface in much larger quantities than an air stone could.
Your statement would be correct if bubbles were rising from all areas of the tank, allowing the entire surface area to be expanded by bubbles, but this is hardly ever the case, if at all. Usually the bubbles are confined to a particular area of the tank, which amounts to only a fraction of the surface area available. In contrast, a well places powerhead will continuously expand the entire surface area of the water.
To summarise, like for like, an air stone may be more efficient. However the fact that an airstone usually only disturbs a fraction of the surface area available, and that a powerhead will disturb most if not all the surface area available brings me to my conclusion that a powerhead is the better option for most aquariums.