Yes, as long as you continue adding ammonia, the tank will be fine until you want to add fish - even once the cycle is complete. The ammonia just acts as a substitute for fish
Do a large water change a couple of hours before you'll be adding the fish though to make sure the nitrate levels aren't too high. (And make sure you sue dechlorinated tap water for water changes or yourtank will un-cycle!)
I thought you'd settled for the one dwarf gourami? I know your friend said his/her fish was aggressive but I'd be quite willing to bet on this being his/her fault and little to do with the fish. Virtualy all species of fish will become aggressive if kept in the wrong environment.
Having said that, the honey gourami suggestion still stands (either a single male or a trio if you preffer - that is 1 male and 2 females but make sure there are hiding places available for the girls).
Unfortunately, most of the other common gourami species are too large or not as brightly-colored as these two species. Some small but blander species are the croaking gouramies and sparkling gouramies. I say 'bland' but they are still very pretty. Sparklers (Trichopsis pumilus) are probably more appropriate as they stay smaller (barely 1"). The bigger the group you keep, the higher your chances of maintaining a peaceful tank
You see, they are unfortunately tricky to sex (especialy when juveniles) - otherwise, a male with 2-3 females would be an ideal number.
All of these still work with a small school of 5-6 neons.
Have you considered bettas BTW? Males are highly antisocial but females can be kept in a group. The group needs to consist of at least 4 individuals to spread out aggression 5 in a 10 gallon would just about do). Unfortunately, bettas don't often do well with little tetras or anything likely to get picked on or that can nip. However, female bettas mroe than make up for this with the wide variety of colors and fin types available.
Provided you don't end up with anything that'll eat them, also consider shrimp as a bottom-dwelling option for a small tank. Check out this site:
http/www.petshrimp.com for info. on care and available species. Ghost/amano shrimp and cherry shrimp are probably the most common and suitable. Don't be fooled by their appearance - shrimp are extremely active and can 'swim' very quickly. They are just as entertaining to watch as fish - and in the brightly-colored species, equaly conspicuous and vibrant.