Environment
- Unless you have a tailbiter, many bettas find changes in their internal tank environment very exciting. You can do this in different ways. The easiest and most obvious is re-arranging the ornaments/plants in the tank with each water change. You could also keep a spare plant or cave that you rotate in and out of the tank so that there is something new/different every cleaning.
- Another option is making the external environment more enriching. This could be done in many ways. You could periodically change the location of you betta tanks. This is great if you have multiple bettas; by changing the order their tanks are in, they will be able to see and display to different bettas every time they are moved. Alternately, if you can't move the tank itself, you could place items outside of the tank that would be interesting; one thing my bettas love is a variety of differently colored and shaped plastic dogs. I put a new one there every few days, and they spend hours investigating this new thing outside of their tank. Shiny objects are excellent for this purpose.
- Toys can also interest bettas, though not all are responsive. The most popular is the ping pong ball, or a smaller floating non-painted ball of some sort. The bettas can flare at it, chase it, push it around with their nose, etc. and seem to be very interested by it. If your tanks are bare-bottom, you could also put a light-weight sinking ball (like a marble) for your fish to put around. There is plenty of room for creativity here; as long as it is non-toxic and your betta can interact with it somehow, it can be a toy.
Feeding
- I personally feed 5 different types of pellet and 4 different types of frozen/live foods to my bettas. I'm a big believer in dietary variety for nutrition and for entertainment. Foods that have different shapes, textures, sizes, hardness/softness/etc. can be a cheap and fun way to captivate your fish. And if you really want to stimulate a natural predatory behavior, feed some live brine shrimp or blood worms so they can chase and kill.
Visual Stimulus
- Depending on your individual betta, your fish may enjoy being permitted to see another betta or a mirror for short periods of time daily. This will encourage agressive and territorial behaviors natural to bettas, and will normally inspire them to patrol their tank, flare, bubblenest, etc. Just be cautious not to overdo this, as too much flaring can be stressful and harmful.
- Seeing other fish and other animals from the safety of their own territory is a good way to at least keep a betta interested in the environment. If you have a big community tank, see if you betta can be kept next to it without too much stress; the constantly changing movement will allow them to be visually stimulated without the stress of another betta, or another fish in the tank that they feel they must actively patroll against.
- YOU. Bettas tend to enjoy interacting with their owners, and by simply spending some time up at the tank, perhaps having them follow your finger or something of the like, can keep them occupied for short spurts of time.
Training
- Bettas are highly intelligent and can be trained to perform simple tricks in a matter of weeks. Activities like swimming through hoops and tunnels, pushing a small ball into a plastic net, taking food from one's fingers, etc. are all wonderful ways to interact with bettas in a way that is challenging and rewarding for them. Here is a
link to a site on training fish.