Filter Media really only needs to be replaced when it deteriorates to the point of being useless. I've got a cheapie h.o.b. on my quar tank that said to replace the filter media monthly. Riiight. I don't even use the crappy thin media that came with it, I put in a cut down aquaclear sponge and some floss. Another tank has an old ac 200 with a sponge that has to be 2 years old, not deteriorated yet, and still works fine.
As far as cleaning the media, it depends on the filter, tank size, and quantity and type of fish in the tank. A decrease in water flow usually means it's time to clean the media.
Tolak