It's called open cell foam, you can get it in upholstery sections of stores. Make sure it has no fire retardants, they're not good for fish.
I would ditch the airstone, mine get better flow without it. The 90 degree bend at the top is not needed, drill a hole in the side of the straight pipe 1/2" down from the top & feed the airline through. This will hold it in place.
Another problem is there is no weight to hold it down, the way it is pictured, the foam block will make it float. Leaving the top pipe straight will allow you to put a small handful of gravel down the 22mm pipe, weighing it down to the bottom.
When I build mine, I put a cap at the bottom & poke it all the way through the foam, letting the cap poke out of the bottom about an inch. This keeps it from sitting flat on the bottom & trapping fry. It also gives the corys & plec a nice hiding place.
HTH!
Tolak