I think the focus should be on why its the penguins only dying. You say they went through Q but you do not indicate for how long. Some folks suggest one quarantine for months, especially if the fish might be of wild origin. I usually go for a minimum of 4-5 weeks with tank raised and 2 months or more for wilds.
Have you ruled out the possibility of internal parasites or worms? These can often take some time to reach the point of being fatal?
Neon tetra disease has visible symptoms both externally and behaviorally which Leah has not reported. So it seems sensible to rule that one out I think.
In the absence of having any better information, I would be inclined to move the penguins into an H tank that is bare bottom. This will let you observe the poop and keep an eye on the fish more easily. If you can get meds for worms you can treat and see what happens- most dewormers or not dangerous. If you have some fake plants you can add those to make the fish feel safer and less stressed. You don't need the tank cycled as long as you change water a lot. Add an airstone or small filter and a heater and it should be fine.
The one thing you do not want to see is for any of the other species to start dying. If it is something specific to the penguins or something that isn't, but has not yet spread to other fish, then moving the penguins to an H tank might help and can't hurt.
Lastly, I would rule out contamination. This usually kills multiple fish (even wiping out an entire tank at one time) in a very short period.
Short of taking scrapings, gill swabs etc,, it is hard to know if it is a specific pathogen either virus or bacteria in the absence of symptoms.