Hey justethe
Don't worry, it is easy, it's just not self explanitory as the fish store would have you believe. I'll do the best I can.
Fish produce ammonia. They breath it, and the breaking down of waste in the water emits it.
Ammonia is very toxic to fish. Bacteria naturally forms in the tank to deal with this poison by converting it into a slightly less toxic element called Nitrite.
To deal with nitrite another bacteria forms. This converts nitrIte into nitraAte. Nitrate is toxic only in very large quantities, and must be removed through water changes.
That's all there is to it.
Once your tank is setup, filled with dechlorinated water, and heated, it is ready to begin cycling right away.
Cycling a tank means preparing it by growing this bacteria so that the ammonia levels don't kill the fish. There are a couple of ways to do this.
-You can do a fishless cycle using bottled ammonia. This will make your tank ready for as many fish as you'd like at once, but you need to wait for the cycle to complete before adding any fish.
-The other way is to add a very small amount of fish, so that ammonia levels don't rise high enough to do damage. This lets you have fish in the tank right away, but it will take you longer to fuly stock the tank in the long run then a fishless cycle. I do it this way because I like to take my time stocking my tanks anyway.
Think about which method is right for you, and we can help you get through it
So when doing a fishless cycle how often should you do wc on the new tank?
Never - just a huge one (75% or more) on the day that you add the fish, to clear the nitrate build up and any ammonia still residing in the water.
