Thought I'd add the results of my unscientific little "test".
As I said above I added approximately 0.5" of cat litter to a 5 oz plastic cup and topped it with around 1.5" of crushed coral.
The water went cloudy (as expected) and smelled strongly of "perfume", Eau de cat litter.
After about an hour the litter had expanded to approximately 4 times it's original height and "surrounded" about half of the crushed coral. This makes sense as the litter is made to absorb liquid, though it was still impressive to see. There was still a strong smell of the fragrance so I poured off the water and refilled it a couple of times to (poorly) simulate the effects of filtration. The smell was still present.
About an hour ago I went to check on it again, the water and cleared up somewhat which means the free floating particles had a chance to settle. The litter had apparently absorbed its maximum amount of liquid as the substrate didn't appear to be any higher. I had originally thought the litter would become rock hard based on what it does in the litter box.
Though if I would have thought it out it's not a very logical assumption since in a litterbox there are large amounts of litter with a relatively small amount of liquid, once submerged the litter can only absorb so much. It did however become somewhat solid, I'd say it was the density and firmness of modeling clay (hehe get it clay). Oh, and it did still faintly smell of the fragrance.
So, all in all and interesting little experiment, I don't think I would feel safe adding this particular brand to my aquarium. I would be interested to know if a pure clay litter would react the same as I think it would be a pain in the butt to clean out your aquarium if you decided to change substrates.