Just to calrify something. Neither filters nor airstones will outgas CO2 unless you are actually adding. If not there is a normal rate of gas exchange they keeps CO2 and oxygen levels at their normal levels in the water. the way this happens is when we aggitate the surface which an air stone does. It does not put O into the water but it does help break the surface tension which would otherwise prevent the ready exchange of gasses into and out of a tank.
The only time one really needs to add pressurized CO2 is when one keeps specific plants which need maximum CO2 being avaialable. In nature that is not needed because in rivers or lakes there is a lot of water and enough CO2 to supply what the plants need. In a tank with enough of the more demanding plants, they can use the CO2 faster than it can be replaced by surface gas exchange alone.
However, a bit of added CO2 will always make almost any plant grow faster etc. But, I have had a number of planted tanks that are not high tech which do great in tanks with no added CO2. However, in most of them I add flourish Excel with a water change. Not everyone agrees with using Excel. However, I have done so using the recommended dosing once a week for about 2 decades and have seen no ill effects and I have seen positive ones. However, a few plants do not do well with Excel unless one reduces the dosing some.