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I would say don't get Otos until you have good algae growth in the tank. The main issue with them isn't adapting to commercial foods, it's the fact that in the holding tanks between being caught and being shipped, they're usually not fed, so their gut bacteria die off, which means then they...

No idea about "otoginglus", but otocinclus are not really bottom dwelling fish, and they don't dig, so they'll be fine on gravel.

Why?

Theyd be very wrong so let them embarras themselves. :)

Water contains dissolved oxygen and CO2, so a fishtank always contains oxygen and CO2. Also good luck getting them to eat from the surface. Discus are not surface feeders...

Nope. Even the paper you linked disagrees with this. They are predominantly herbivorous but their diet varies with the seasons and also their location. When they're available, insects, insect larvae, worms and crustaceans are also eaten. This can easily be verified by the examined stomach...

Why does it matter who's first? You're not putting them in one of those death traps are you?

So ammonia is a good thing now? You need to remove that. Sounds like you may have killed your filter.

Prime and Haloex are both about ten times cheaper than Aquasafe. Aquasafe has Aloe Vera in it, which irritates the skin into producing more mucus (the "slime coat" that the fish already have and don't need any more of). Prime is probably the best for beginners since it will detoxify ammonia and...

It's very unlikely it was the same fish twice. It's not uncommon for females to spawn together. Usually one isn't quite ready but has enough hormones flowing to want in on the act. Then she was ready a few days later... maybe.

Does look like some kind of skin infection.

Believe the liquid as long as it's in date and you're using it properly, banging as well as shaking. Otherwise you'll get false readings. Throw the strips away, they're useless. If they weren't "just for fish" they'd have been banned a long time ago under the trades descriptions act.

Why is that confusing? Trouble with these electrical fish is once they get an ailment it's very hard to impossible to treat, since they respond very badly to the conventional treatments. If it's competing with the BN for somewhere to sleep that could easily be the cause. The tiniest scratch can...

The marks look like scale damage, and splits in the tail fin? Has she been fighting or getting some rough treatment from anyone? How many do you have? She also has a spot in her eye, which could have several causes, and a bent spine which could be making her susceptible to other ailments, or it...

I see a spotty tail and a stripey tail, so there’s at least two species there. I’m not a Geo expert so I would only be guessing at which ones.

The Blue Acara is Andinoacara pulcher. These are Jack Dempseys.

They should call them Cat-Fish, lol. Oh wait... they do.

Each drop is 1 dGH, and 1 dGH = 17.8 ppm. So your KH is 160ppm and your GH is 285ppm. Ideal for the mollies and guppies which need hard water, not so great for the neons and corys which prefer soft water.

We are 9 months old when we’re born.

There are 6 ? I’ve only ever seen 4 freshwater volumes....

They’re Jack Dempseys, and yes they’ll probably kill all of the other fish as they grow.

I’ve had a few Common Plecs (Pterygoplichthys spp), mostly one at a time. I love the Gold Spot, which ‘only’ gets to a foot long, standard length. I’ve had a few of the bigger species but only as rescues. Big raspers, yes, they can eat unblanched carrots... and here I think I need to add a...

With cucumber, I only remove it because if you leave it in too long it breaks apart and you get little bits of mush floating around everywhere. If fish are still eating it I leave it until just before this happens (couple of days. It’s pretty soft by the second day). Otherwise it comes out when...

Courgette. :)

I strongly disagree. Veg soften in water, and release different compounds at different stages of their breakdown. This means they taste different at different stages. Some fish prefer them when they’re still hard, others wait till they’ve softened. Most of the plecs I’ve kept prefer them hard. I...

You can leave it in for a day or two and it won’t cause any issues. Just remove it before it turns to mush (for practical purposes). Use organic, because non-organic cucumbers are laced with pesticides.

I remember when British zoos stopped taking in rescue fish. It was in the late 1970s, when the number of people needing their help skyrocketed, and there were far more tankbusters being kept all of a sudden, and all the public aquariums were “full”. What hurts me the most about pacus is that...

You should have taken them straight home. They don’t look well....

Couldn’t disagree more with this statement. Science is all about questioning everything. Papers are often disproved, or at least proven to not be the whole picture. A paper should never be blindly believed, and many scientists disagree with the established “facts”. “Picking and choosing” is what...

They don’t look like fish eggs. Do you have any snails?

You can find papers that say whatever you want if you look hard enough, all written by people who study fish parasites. I prefer the ones that say Ich cysts are all the same size and shape, because in aquaria that’s nearly always the case. Epistylis and a few other skin infections are very often...

Doesn’t look like Ich to me. Ich spots are all the same shape and size. I’d go with epistylis, especially if the tank is low-flow. If it is epistylis it’s feeding on a bacterial infection on the fish. Treat it with a bactericide and the epistylis (a protozoan) will leave the fish.

I think so.

Second picture is Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps. First picture looks Pterygoplichthys too and could be the same. We’d need pictures from the side to ID them accurately. They’re both very underfed with sunken bellies. They need food fast.

Constant chasing is normal for danios. Sounds like they’re keeping the neons stressed by chasing them also. Adding some other fish, if possible, should change that.

That’s an awful, inaccurate method. The Clove Oil dosage for euthanasia is 25 drops per litre of water. Any less is just an anaesthetic dosage and the fish will wake up again at some point. Put a litre of water into container #1. Then take some of that litre and mix in ALL 25 DROPS by violent...

It has huge eyes. It’s not nearly as young as it looks. Just grown very slowly through lack of food. Normally it would be about twice it’s size. I’ll say probably Male because of the vermiculations on the face?

You’re correct, you plunge the vac right down to the bottom glass to vacuum the muck out of the gravel. If there’s rotting food within the gravel to cause an ammonia spike then it’s a very badly maintained tank.

Don’t use test strips, they’re not always accurate. Get a liquid test kit.

Plant