That is not shrimp nor snail damage in the photos. I am not aware of anything that will actively eat live java fern. If a leaf or blotch on a leaf (fronds actually, these are true ferns) with dying cells, critters may well snack on that. But not live healthy tissue.
The holes in leaves that are black are usually a nitrogen deficiency. Nitrogen comes as ammonia/ammonium, from the water. So no fish, as you mentioned above, naturally reduces the nitrogen. Nitrogen (ammonia) also comes from the decomposition of organics in the substrate. For years I ran a planted 20g tank to use for newly-acquired fish, and it could sit empty for months, even two years during my surgeries. The plants looked like it (other plants like floaters) but as soon as fish went in, bingo.
Areas of transparency in the fronds is often too much light. This is a low-light plant.
The other thing is the change from hard to soft water is or can be extreme for any plant, and that may be part of this too.
The holes in leaves that are black are usually a nitrogen deficiency. Nitrogen comes as ammonia/ammonium, from the water. So no fish, as you mentioned above, naturally reduces the nitrogen. Nitrogen (ammonia) also comes from the decomposition of organics in the substrate. For years I ran a planted 20g tank to use for newly-acquired fish, and it could sit empty for months, even two years during my surgeries. The plants looked like it (other plants like floaters) but as soon as fish went in, bingo.
Areas of transparency in the fronds is often too much light. This is a low-light plant.
The other thing is the change from hard to soft water is or can be extreme for any plant, and that may be part of this too.