Heya. Yo answer all of your question:Agree with above members, look for possible sources.
Definitely stop all the chemicals, this is certainly going to affect fish detrimentally. A basic conditioner that deals with chlorine/chloramine (if in your water), and heavy metals is all you need. The less chemical substances going in the water the better for the fish. I would also increase the weekly water change to at least 50%, up to 60 or 65%. Provided the parameters--these are GH, KH, pH and temperature--are basically the same, water changes can never hurt and may help, especially if there is something in the tank water.
The GH/pH is fine for these fish. Ammonia and nitrite are good (0), nitrates at 20ppm is higher than the fish will appreciate. Is nitrate in the source/tap water you use? Test it alone to see. Or is nitrate occurring solely within the biological system of the aquarium? If the latter,you may be overfeeding, not ding sufficient water changes, or overstocking. Numbers for a 70 liter (18 gallon) are not high but there are stocking problems I'll come back to. Are there live plants? These help with keeping nitrate low because aquatic plants grab ammonia/ammonium faster than the nitrifying bacteria, and the plants do not produce nitrite then nitrate as a result. Floating plants are best, and easiest.
To the stocking, this could be part of the problem. These barbs and tetras are shoaling/schooling fish, which in freshwater species means they live in large groups and they need decent-sixed groups in an aquarium. The species here, ignoring tank size and everything else, should have 10-12 for each of the barb species, and 12-15, preferably 20, for the rummynose tetras. This tank is not sufficient length for the rummynose, assuming it is no longer than 24 inches/60 cm (?). When the barbs especially are in smaller numbers, they tend to become more aggressive. This may be physical attacks, fin nips, etc, or it may just be allomones and pheromones which are chemical signals other fish read. Numbers really do matter. At the very least, over time insufficient will add more and more stress, leading to the aggression. Another effect is a latency to feed. Have you noticed any interaction at all between the fish in each species, or with other species?
1. There are no nitrates in the tap water, probably they build up over time.
2. Yes- there are life palnts (forgot their names, because we have them since the start of the aquarium (with few changes here and there). We don't have floating plants, once I tried to put some, but the water flow is too strong for them. I can send pictures of the tank itself.
3 About the stocking- Yes, indeed these fish should be kept in large numbers, but I guess 6-7 are a maximum number for my tank. Just to mention that the Rummy nose tetras, since day 1, have very vibrant colours and red heads, and I red somewhere that this is a sign of happy fish. Also they swim very tightly and everywhere in the tank and have very good apetite.
This is not the case with the barbs, tho. Since we put them in the tank (around 1 year ago) they behave very shy- prefer to swim at night, mostly stay behind stones and plants, when they swim, they are kinda nervous and go back to their hidings spots, but had good apetite and came out when it was feeding time. They also had vibrant colours and were growing just fine. They have zero aggression towards each other and do not interact with the Rummy nose, except when they swim with them from time to time. Just to mention that the barbs have never been an object of aggression from any fish in the tank, which eventually may cause stress.