It is illegal to catch and export wild fish of this species, Hypancistrus zebra. However, when this was enacted by the Brazilian government, there were several catfish enthusiasts in the US that discovered it is a relatively easy species to spawn. However, being "rare," they command a high price.
I had one back in the 1990's and it was wild caught (it was allowed then, that was around the time this fish became such a hit) and I paid $65. for it. That was very expensive in those days, but not unreasonable. I've no idea what the tank-raised fish normally cost today, but I'm sure I have seen them in the $200+ range.
EDIT. Bub posted while I was typing and confirms the ban on export is still in effect. So I would doubt these fish are wild caught, but poaching is sadly not out of the question.