T8's work fine!
An external cannister for filtration is going to give you a bit more leway in what mechanical filtration media you can hold in there, and even chemical filtration if needed (ie Charcoal or Ammolock etc etc). Id suggest investing in one. An internal is ok, and does provide flow, but as mentioned, will limit the filtration media you can use.
You should be looking at around 20x turnover, so you may need to supplement an external or internal with a powerhead!
A standard 3ft tank is roughly 30g, so should give you some decent stocking options. Before yo get into it, you might be keen to research what fish you'd like, because then you might want to upgrade if you have a really "must have" fish on your list. Try liveaquaria.com
Having a cannister, a powerhead, and some live rock/base rock will allow you to slowly move up the marine tank ladder if you ever want too. Basically you would just need to add more lighting and you could go some basic corals.
Have you thought about a sump/refugium? This is something many wish they had done before doing there tank (Myself included). melevsreef.com should give you the basic gyst if your confused about anything to do with sumps/refugiums. A refugium basically holds something like live rock, or algae to help protect beneficial crustaceans/inverts from predation, who help balance you system, comsume wastes, and can end up as another food source for fish. A sump hides much of your equipment.
You shouldnt need a skimmer. It would be beneficial, but if you keep a lower bioload, and be consistant with monitoring water parameters, and changing water, you should be ok!
Hope I helped you on your way. There are many journals around to help you see what others do when they begin. Any more questions, shoot!