To develop a thought - on an international forum like this, where the person reading you could be Australian, English, Indian, American, Indonesian, Canadian - the word "native" doesn't get you what you want. Most of the time, in our corner of the world, it means North American fish (since we're both in Canada), but a fish from Florida is as exotic and non native (to us) as a fish from Mexico. If we stick with the continental idea, guppies from the Caribbean are what you need.
You can buy US fish online, as you can buy Colombian or Congolese ones. As far as ones you can physically catch without crossing a border or going into another climate zone, there isn't one single fish in Canadian waters I'd keep in a 10. I assume if you want a fish, it's to watch its behaviour, and a ten is pretty cramped.
Sticklebacks, 4 species of darters, a couple of small Notropis shiners, Fundulus killies and Umbra limi can be kept in small tanks (15 to 20 gallons and up). That's assuming you aren't in Ontario, where that's illegal.
In my region of Canada, I can catch Fundulus diaphanous and heteroclitus. Every else here is larger, as is the norm for colder water. Darters never made it here after the last ice age.
It's wonderful to go to the habitats of these fish and just take a detailed look. You learn a lot, but the first lesson is that a 10 gallon is brutally inadequate. It's convenient for us, but awful for the fish. However, for native killies from Gabon and Cameroon, those tanks are great.