The leaf shape of Hygrophila difformis (Wisteria) is determined by the temperature and light. At lower temperatures the leaves are smooth-edged and smaller and less pinnate; at higher temperatures and brighter light the leaves will be sharply divided (pinnate) and closer together on the stem. Lower light will also cause the lower leaves to fall off.
Being a relatively fast growing plant, it needs good light and nutrients. Soil is rarely going to provide sufficient nutrients. The only advantage of soil is the organic decomposition which occurs immediately, thus producing CO2 early on. Inert substrate tanks take a few months to get to the same level of organics in the substrate. And what nutrients might have been in the soil initially, if it was a specific plant enriched substrate containing nutrients, will have likely been exhausted by one year.
Ammonia as Colin said is also going to be lacking here. Ammonia occurs primarily from fish respiration and the breakdown of organics. With only one fish, and the organics largely exhausted, this is likely one nutrient that is now minimal.