Lack of food is a less likely cause of the cory catfish deaths. Keep an eye on the Betta, he may have decided "his" space no longer has a welcome mat for the catfish. It has happened with others.
To the food for cories...Omega One Shrimp Pellets, Fluval Bug Bites. Nutrafin also make a tab with earthworm. These brands I specifically name because they are hgher quality (the last perhaps less so, but one out of three is not too bad). If you live in the UK there is a tablet food specifically made for catfish, but I cannot remember the name. From what I have been told it is similar to the Nutrafin. Ian Fuller the Corydoras authority was consulted on the manufacture so it will be good.
Corydoras' prime natural food is insect larvae which they filter feed from the substrate. This is why the Bug Bites are so good. They initially float and upper fish will readily eat them, so the Betta will love these too, and you can feed them well after dark so they get down to the cories. By well after dark I mean an hour after the room is pitch dark. Fish do not "sleep" when the tank light is off if there is still ambient light in the room, so it has to be total darkness. Cories are nocturnal and will be out scampering about in pitch black, but not a Betta.
Other foods for cories are frozen daphnia and frozen bloodworms, the latter no more often than once a week. The Betta will likely go after these too, which is OK but make sure some get to the substrate.