If by "cycling without fish" you mean fishless cycling where the nitrogen cycle is established by adding an artifical source of ammonia, then it takes anywhere from 10 days to 6 weeks depending on many variables.
If by "cycling without fish" you mean running the filter on a full tank with no ammonia source (such is often espoused by well-meaning but misinformed LFS employees), that's pointless besides making sure your equipment works and doesn't leak, a few days is plenty, but it will not help your fish to do this before you add them.