An RO machine is a really worthwhile addition to your marine equipment. As mentioned earlier, they do save a lot of money in the long run and it also means that you aren't restricted to shop opening times or having to go out in all kinds of weather to get it either. Its also bloody heavy, carting 25L containers back and forth too. Its also handy for emergency water changes too.
The RO machine removes virtually all impurities such as heavy metals, chemicals, bacteria and viruses. You essentially have 3 pipes connected to the machine. One is the in feed from your mains water supply. This goes into the prefilters which remove sediment and things like chlorine. Then comes the RO membrane. Here some of the water passes through the membrane and is filtered to make it pure (95-99%) and comes out of a pipe to be collected in a container. The remaining impurities are flushed away with the water that does not pass through the filter, via a waste pipe.
You can plumb then in very easily. With an adapter you can fit them to your garden tap (provided it has the 1/2" bsp screw thread on it) or you can put a Y splitter (essentially a tee piece but shaped like a y) onto your washing machine cold feed, under the kitchen sink. You plumb the washing machine into that and the RO machine infeed into the other end. The waste water can be fed directly into the drain or outside onto a flower bed or pond. The RO water can be collected in a plastic jerry can.
Here's what mine looks like. Its wall mounted in the shed/utility room, which is where the washing machines is located.
Y- Splitter from mains water supply. Washing machine hose at the back. Adapter with 1/4" red hose is the RO machine in feed
Mine is a 6 stage unit, with 3 pre-filters (big white ones at the bottom), the RO membrane (just above that), A DI unit (one with the gold beads in it) and a post membrane carbon filter (little one on top). The red pipe first gets fed into a ball valve. This turns the machine on or off. After this it connects to the first sensor of an in-line TDS meter (note the two black leads that run from the pipes to the LCD screen). This reads the Total Dissolved Salts of the water going into the machine. The red pipe then connects to the first pre-filter on the bottom left. The water passes through the 3 pre-filters and then into the RO membrane.
Note the two pipes coming out of the RO membrane. The yellow is the waste pipe connected to a restrictor valve. The valve, when closed (its doesn't actually close it just restricts the amount of water) increases the pressure inside the membrane, forcing water through it. The pure filtered water then comes out the blue pipe, which then goes through the DI unit and the post carbon filter on top. Note the other black lead. This reads the TDS of the pure water. The remaining water that does not get filtered, carrys away all the pollutants through the yellow pipe outside. The white pipe is the pure RO water (one going through the wall)