Reverse Respiration Discussion

@TwoTankAmin I neglected to address one of your questions in the other thread.
Yes the CO2 bubbles provide some agitation of the surface. But your starting with an environment that is saturated with CO2 and no oxygen. CO2 will off gas as normal. After 12 hours there may not be any CO2 left. But by that point you've already deprived the aerobic pests from oxygen for hours. Most likely they are dead far before the CO2 is depleted.
 
FYI the patent is here: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20240324598A1/en?oq=US-2024-0324598-A1.

This patent is still pending. Did a quick read, did not find anything obviously wrong, but did note some claims I feel might be a bit of a stretch. The two inventors Mark Porzilli and Sam Laufer have some signal processing patents but nothing in the biological fields that I could find. Patent seems to be focused more on agricultural processing of live plants and fruits, and less on aquatic systems.
 
I haven't had the chance to read up yet... but I'm not understanding where the 3 atmospheres comes from, since the seltzer water is gassing off, in an unsealed container... so, any bursting ( if it were related to a rapid reduction of pressure, would require that pressure change... it could also be possible if the seltzer, were a ph of 3 that could disrupt the cell wall structure, and they are just falling apart??? I'll get a chance to study the documents tomorrow

I'll be following along
 
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@rusty
I was not talking about outgassing the CO2 I was wondering about the ingassing of oxygen due to the soda bubbles rising to the surface and aggitating, this promotes gas exchange in both directions, so O gets in. Also, I replied to your PM in a PM. Please feel free to post it here if you want. Some of the parts deal with my experiences and tanks and you can include or omit them as you see fit.

@Uberhoust
Thanks for the link. I see several major issues between the patent application and the long meandering explanation on the plant site with it.
1. From the title it covers stemming plants. What about the rest?
2. I did a search of the application for the word "anaerobic" and it does not appear. They talk about the process of putting the plants into oxygenated water killing anaerobic pathogens. If all it takes is putting plants into our tanks to kill anaerobic bacteria, why is that not happening without doing RR? Anerobic bacteria cannot normally live in aerobic environments. So why would these be on any live plants? They live in aerobic environments. Some of them actually transport oxygen from their leaves down the stem into the roots where it is released into the anaerobic substrate. They do that to foster nitrification which provides ammonia and nitrate.
3. The Patent is pending not yet granted as far as I could tell.
4. I asked Google does carbonated soda water contain any oxygen?
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Yes, while carbonated soda water contains dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) which creates the fizz, it also contains some dissolved oxygen (O2), though in a smaller amount than CO2.

So the water is clearly not pure CO2 and over time the CO2 must be outgassing as well I would imagine. Plus soda water does contain oxygen so I disagree with what you posted above in this respect.

Next, I started to read information from Tom Barr 20+ years ago. Then he was posting on the now almost dead Aquaria Central and I had a short exchange with him there. I think folks should have a read here Reverse Respiration + Tom Barr

Here is the intro to the AI answer linked above

In the context of planted aquariums and algae control, "reverse respiration" or "blackout" refers to a method of completely shading the aquarium for a period to starve algae of light, while also ensuring plants don't run out of oxygen, a technique popularized by Tom Barr.
 
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Right, and according to scientists bumble bees shouldn't be able to fly. Yet they do.
So after discounting all the science and the entire premise how do you account for the dozens of aquarists that have posted their success using the RR method?
 
Right, and according to scientists bumble bees shouldn't be able to fly. Yet they do.
So after discounting all the science and the entire premise how do you account for the dozens of aquarists that have posted their success using the RR method?
Same way I discount the people online who claim they haven't done a water change in years and their fish are "fine".
Which is not to say I'm discounting this. I'm actually quite interested in seeing if it works or not. Depending on the investment, I might try it out. Worst case scenario, it's only some plants.
 
Same way I discount the people online who claim they haven't done a water change in years and their fish are "fine".
Which is not to say I'm discounting this. I'm actually quite interested in seeing if it works or not. Depending on the investment, I might try it out. Worst case scenario, it's only some plants.
Use some existing plants if you need to. Seltzer water is cheap, $.99 per liter bottle.
I encourage everyone to try it. The more people that try it the bigger and better the database grows.
 
This is not science nor research. It is what is termed anecdotal evidence. When I read scientific papers they list the names and institutions of the researchers at the top of the paper. They even give contact information for the lead scientist so they can be contacted. And I have contacted a few over the years. A prefect example would be the toxic shipping bags episode from years back. It was reported in Amazonas to which I subscribed for a few years.

I had started to have a problem with fish dying in bags. We are talking zebra plecos so bags of fish worth many $100s. It turned out that one of the potential ingredients in fish bags and.or the slip agent used so they do not stick together was found to be the cause. This problem was initially seen by sw keepers. One of them had a friend who was an environmental scientist and the organization involved did research on this. The sw keepers recounted the issue with the dying in bags and the scientist and associated decided to investigate, They confirmed the cause.

My fish were dying much more rapidly than the time frame the research felt was needed for the fish to be harmed or killed. So , I was thinking there was a reason that this was the case. Plecos tend to such into the bag in transit. When they do so the tend to scrape the plastic. My thinking was tis activity was accelerating and increasing the rate at which the toxic ingredient was getting into the bag water. So I asked the reasercher in my email if he thought my thinking was accurate. He replied, yes.

I had a friend who had the same problem even before the research above. She had a home based fish business and she shipped out more fish in a week or two regularly than I did in a year. So I contacted her as we both used to get bags from the same source. I asked where she had switched to and that is how I came to buy from Jehmco. I never had a bag issues since.

It was not any reports by fish keepers which figured things out, it was proper research. How many DOAS had arrived over the years prior to the bag issue causing the deaths? These deaths are usually the result of poor quality fish, poor shipping techniques or shipper issues. It was not anecdotal reports of fish dying in tranist alone that found this was not normal and what the real cause was.

I have seen 100s of people make statements about the nitrifying bacteria on this site which are absolutely false. They make these statements and they are accepted as fact. I called a lot of it urban aquarium myths. How many posts have you read that assure readers that bottled bacteria cannot and do not work? Does that make it true.

So her is my point. At one time I had 13 planted tanks. They ranged from the smallest at 5.5 and the biggest at 150 gallons. I am also one who tends to make jungles. I do not give the hours of attention one would need to keep them pristine and algae free. The taller plants grow, the closer to the light they get. With slower growers this becomes a problem. Once one has algae occuring on their plants there are also spores in the water.

So your suggestionn to ty the method is sensless for me. To make it work I would need to remove all the plants to treat them with club soda, But then I mneed to empty the tank of anything living I want to keep and then sterilize tthe rtank with a strong bleach solution. I need tokill the bacteria in the filters and substrate and on the decor. And hos much club soda will I need to clean a well planted 150 gal. Even my heavily planted 75 would not be practical.

I sent you a PM about this. In it I explained how I dealt with the same problems that soda soaking was supposed you fix. In my case the solution was cheaper faster and way less effort. Here it is:

or year I had a 50 gal tanks with plants only and not filled with them. it also had almost 100 amano shrimp. When the tall anubias would get algae I pulled them out of their tank and put them into the 50. I used to take plant out of the 50 to replace it. Then I learned that the shrimp would clean the algae off in a matter of hours. So often I could return the same plant.

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The only thing this tank needed was a weekly water change. The shrimp ate the algae and their waste fed the plants normally in the tank. I should also say that I bought the amano shrimp as imported I picked up from the transshipper when they landed in NY. I also use ancistrus for algae and find some of my other fish eat it as well.

I also explained to you that my method for belach dipping plants di not comport what the folks who did so as part of their work. Anachris is not a plant I would ever bleach at any dose great enough to kill algae. I dipped anubias for 90 seconds and the algae dies and I have seen no harm to the plants. But that is my experience not documented science.

Here is what I concluded from all of this discussion. It is really only practical for use on newly purchased plants. It is not a way to remove algae from any planted tank of size once it is going. It is not practical for anybody with multiple planted tanks either. In many tank uprooting a plant to do the RR may also release the substrate ferts , if used, into the water column. That will make more algae than is on the plant or plants re,oved and the result will be more algae in the tank than before the RR was done. And then what about those folks who do the dirted bottom? Pulling pout plants from that to RR them would make a huge mess.

And lets do the math. Lets say to do RR on all the plants in a decently planted 50- gal. where a number of the plants almost reach the surface. You need to treat them all. So lets assume to weight them down horizontally and have them all submrged you need maybe 25 gallons of club soda. How much time and gasoline will one spend to get that 25 gallons?

And then if the algae returns after a few months you have to do it all again. My amano shrimp were cheaper and faster than doing the club soda. My time to pull and anubias on wood drop it into that 50 and then wreturn it when clean is about 5 minutes. How much work is RR?

The pprople doing this are plants nuts. The plants are often more important than the fish in the tanks in terms of the time and effort dedicated to the plants. So, even if the RR method works as described, it is not a practical solution, imo.

My home has no basement and I do not have a fish room. My tanks are in two building and 4 or 5 different rooms depending on the season. So the ambient lighting varies between the planted tanks in various room as do the number and types of fish in them and in some cases the inverts. I have tanks virtually algae free and others where it is a problem. I have hit the maximum number of tanks posisble spread around the house. So I have almost no space to set up a tank to do RR even if i wanted to.

So to those out there who want to do the RR process on their plants, be my guest. I see absolutely no reason to do so myself. If a real scientist were to plocclaim that a tank filled with club soda and loosely coverd contained no oxtygen in the water, he would be ridiculed as it is not possible. So, saying this is the case tells me a lot about the folks who did the "research" for the patent. If it was real science, there should have been a proper peer reviewed paper published.

I have one other problem with all of this. Co2 dssolved in water creates carbonic acid. Acid in water lower the pH. I believe the RR paper mentions a pH of 3.0. How much od heir results may be due to the low ph and not to the CO2 itself? This is expecially true for many bacteria. They cannot survive in acid water. I know this first hand because I worked with ALtum angels and when I got them inoorted I put them into a tank with a pH of 4.2, tds inthe 20 ppm range and with a UV unit. To make survival more likely anything in the tank was brand new and not from any of my existing tanks. I then ran the UV on the tank for a good week before the fish went in.

The reason for this was that in their native waters many of the bacteria we commonly have in our tanks in low levels was a great danger to them, They had no immunity what-so-ever against those bacteria since they never encountered them before.
 
25 gallons? That's crazy talk. Yes in order to treat existing plants you have to pull them out of the aquarium and treat them in a separate container. No one has ever suggested dumping seltzer water into the tank. Because it won't work.
If you read the entire original thread you will see that RR is done in a sperate container not the aquarium and it is done in the dark. You only need enough seltzer water to cover the plants. The most I've ever used at any one time is 2 liters. $1.98 worth of seltzer water. Seltzer water not club soda. Club soda contains additional salts for flavor. It can be used but seltzer is better.
This method of sterilization is probably aimed more at newly acquired plants. But there is no reason not to use it if for example you have a bad outbreak of BBA on plant leaves.

So with you altum angels you went to their collection site, took water samples, and cultures and identified bacteria from their native waters and then cultures bacteria from your tank water, identified them and were able to determine "dangerous" bacteria? B.S. you did any of that.
 
Why should aquarists with a scientific background bother to write a publication to get peer reviewed? Who's paying them to do that? Nobody is. This is a group of individuals seeking to further aquarium and plant husbandry.
No science you say? I point you to many, many, individual tests, in different locations, different water conditions, different plants, same repeatable, predictable, consistent results. Proof that it works. That's F'n science.
 
Rusty- I did not suggest using the same tank. What I said was to bleach all the plants in that 50 I would beed to fill a 50 1/2 full to be able to submerged them all. I also said thay just removing the plants would not eliminate any algae spores still left in the tank. To eliminate these one would have to take more drastic steps. if this is not done the cleaned plants would soon have algae on them again.

And You are not the aribitor of what is or is not science. Unless maybe you are a PhD scientist? Do you understand what per review is?

And how do you know that it wasn't the CO2 which caused the deaths but rather the extremely low pH that the CO2 created. Please tell me where they took steps to rule out this possibility? This is how science works.

But then why should we bother to have people earn degrees and have years of experience in science what according to youi thois is not necessary.

This Form is called the scientific section/ This thread is clearly not science. So I will leave it to others to continue posting in the thread. However, I see no reason for me do so.

p.s. Tom Barr is a degreed scientist with many years more experience in the field than any of the folks doing tths club soda stuff. I will trust his opinion on this over the folks who did he RR work. Here is his credentials posted in 2005, I took it from a quick grab and I am sure more recent info is available but I don't have time now to dig it out.

Education:

Water Treatment [13 course]: Scaramento State
BS in Aquatic Biology: University of California, Santa Barbara
MS in Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville
In Progress: Ph.D. UC Davis, Plant Sciences

Here is info from 2021:

Streamed live on Sep 18, 2021 #Aquariumcoop #Aquariumfish #Fishtank
Dr. Tom Barr is a world renowned aquascaper, author, and aquarium plant enthusiast. He holds a bachelor’s degree in aquatic biology, as well as a master’s degree in botany, and a PhD in plant sciences. Tom has been keeping aquariums for over 40 years, with planted aquariums being his focus since 1989. He is best know for his research on plant nutrients, and the development of the Estimative Index (EI) method of plant fertilization.

I am not sure but I might attempt to contact him for an opinion of the RR and club soda. If i do I would also ask if I could post his reply here. That would be the only reason for my posting in this thread again. If he endorses the methodolgy, I would be much more likely to accept it as a viable method for dealing with planted tanks problems. I would also admit I am off the mark in my opinom of its effectiveness biut not in its practical application when bigger tanks and with tons of plants are involved.

Also, I got the feeling that the RR method was not for use in cleaning an established tanks with pkants but rather for use with new plants about to go into a tank. Possibly a new tank just being started and planted?
 
Right, and according to scientists bumble bees shouldn't be able to fly. Yet they do.
So after discounting all the science and the entire premise how do you account for the dozens of aquarists that have posted their success using the RR method
I think this method might have some promise in terms of quarantining plants, but as @TwoTankAmin mentioned the tests performed are not what I would consider done with enough rigorous methodology to be considered a true scientific study. On the other hand, all science starts with an idea, and there have been some studies done that support this method. I don't know if I would recommend Reverse Respiration, but if I still had MTS badly, I am in remission now, I would try this myself, but for my single display tank I will likely still use a bleach dip because I know it works, and I have experienced how long is too long for some of the plants I want to use.

Here are some observations I noted about RR:
1) This method depends on the partial pressure of CO2 in the water ie the concentration, there is no way of knowing this concentration in commercially available carbonated water. For example, I know the bleach I use is at 5.25 percent so for each dip I can control the time and concentration repeatedly for each dip. The same would be for alum, or most other types of dip chemicals.
2) From what I can tell the RR method also depends on the carbonated water being out of equilibrium with normal temperature and pressure. This is why Perrier does not work? I have seen carbonated water where the caps barely stay on the bottle because of the high pressure, but other bottled carbonated water the pressure is hardly above normal atmospheric pressure.
3) I know that the Carbon Dioxide, Carbonic Acid relationship is very temperature dependent, if we are dependent on the pH of the solution this will have an influence.
4) The method is pretty environmentally friendly which is a good reason to look deeper into it.
5) I did not know that some organisms are tolerant of Sodium Hypochlorite, I checked this in google scholar and found a few references that support this.

Overall, I believe this is an interesting topic, and it has some merit that perhaps collectively we should look more into. If I was to try it, I think I would start with making my own carbonated water at a colder temperature, to increase the amount of gas in solution, using as high a pressure available. But as a currently single tank keeper of fish, I will continue to use current methods for my dips. I would like to see actual tests on snail egg viability, other organism viability (what would happen to ich trophonts and tomonts). If I had tanks where I knew if I had snails introduced, it would not be a bad thing then I would be willing to explore this method more.
 
I appreciate your input and thoughts. I'm not championing this method is the be all end all method of plant sterilization. However it is a chemical free alternative to bleach, alum, etc. Personally I want to mess with as few caustic chemicals as I can and certainly prevent any of those chemicals from entering my tanks.

I don't think anyone would ever write a scientific, peer reviewed, dissemination on this subject. Why would they? Where's the money in it? Now at some point in the future where there is a practical and profitable application for this process, then I bet you'll see a ton about it. In today's world it's all about the money.

So I'm totally not surprised to see skepticism or out right dismissal. Even after 40 something years aquarists can't even agree if activated carbon is useful or not. I mean put 10 aquarists in a room and you'll get 8 different opinions and 2 parrots.

From my understanding of the RR process, sparkling waters like Perrier doesn't work because they have a higher pH, around 6, than seltzer water which has a pH of 3.
I've seen posts of people using bottled alkaline water, pH of 9 or 10, as their freshwater soak. The reason being a pH swing from 3 to 9 is a much bigger swing than 3 to 7ish (tap water).
 

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