Fish do not have eye lids, they can't close their eyes. Instinctively, if the light level suddenly changes, then they will react - most fish, not just tetras will do the same.
The fish don't really appreciate the difference between the tank and the wild - their instincts and reflexes are built for the wild situation.
If the light suddenly gets brighter, it may mean whatever was sheltering/shading them from the light has suddenly moved - may be a heron or other enemy. Same thing if it suddenly gets dark, an animal has come over the top of the tank and is going to eat them. Whichever, the "I'd better get out of here fast" behaviour kicks in.
It is called the "fight or flight" reflex. Most animals have it. If something "makes you jump" you have experienced it.