i filled a bucket with tank water and temporarily moved all my fish and plants to there, then i drained the rest of the tank and gave it a good scrubbing (a shop vac works great for getting the water out quick, if u cant dump it). Then i dumped in my sand. Then, added water. DO NOT DO ADD THE WATER! First add the water. Don't fill the water up all the way, so that u can reach your arm in to reinsert your plants and decorations. Go to a hardware store and buy a funnel with a tube attached to the bottom, and put that into the aquarium so that the tube is at the bottom where the sand should go and the funnel part is not submerged, then take cupfuls of sand, and dump it into the funnel, the sand should fall into place just fine. If you add the sand first and then the water, you will have massive amounts of sand clinging to air bubbles floating all over your aquarium messing up your filters big time. Believe me, i lost a filter due to this. Luckily it was my old one and not my spiffy new biowheel jobby. then reinsert your fish ASAP, the sand does not need to be completely settled b4 the fish go back in. if you have any airlstones or anything you will need to wait a day for the sand to settle before u can put it in or else sand will cling to your air bubbles and fudge up the works. it really kind of cleans itself, all you need to do is swoosh the water above the sand and the debris stirs up and gets sucked into the filter. i am going to purchase the smallest gravel vac i can find so i can clean it easy. someone should invent an itty bitty underwater vacuum so i can clean this stuff easy. i hear that after a little while, the sand settles in so good that u can use a gravel vac and it will suck up the debris and not any sand, i guess u gotta wait for the "slime" to grow over the sand. i am very pleased with my new setup and im sure you will be too. phew, i think that covered everything.......