I noticed that many stores only sell male dwarf gouramies, because "females are not in demand". Same for Bettas. Labyrinth fishies like these have a huge number of babies, I guess the breeders throw out the females in favor of the more colorful males. Just my guess.
If you have a group of Tetras you will notice the females are rounder, the males slim and sometimes more colorful. The latter depends on the species. I think black skirt tetra males are darker, smaller/slimmer and more active chasing each other. This of course is only noticeable if you have a group of them.