The yeast and sugar ferments (turns the sugar into alchohol (thats why it smells like beer)) which prdouces Co2 and foam. The foam is killed off by the 'stabilzer' or bicarbonate of soda. When you open a can of beer the fizz you get is the Co2 generated during fermentation. In the soda bottle or whatever you are using as a fementor the pressure rises and the gas is pushed out of the top of the bottle down the hose into the tank. There is no pumping or electrics involved, it works on air pressure (or Co2 pressure alone) Thats why the nutrafin kits are so cheap - They are a plastic bottle, some hose and a mass produced plastic laddar thingy.
Some fermentation based Co2 systems do use a pump at the top, but this is to diffuse the Co2 bubbles into the water, not to pump or suck the gas up from the fermentor. All it does is direct a fast flow of water over the Co2 bubble outlet.