There are several methods of denitration for freshwater but none of them beats water changes for remineralisation and freshening up the tank water. Planted tanks remove a lot of nitrogenous waste too.
There are rechargeable absorption media such as nitra-zorb that will remove nitrate and then can be recharged and used again ( good for smallish tanks )
Polyfilter will absorb organics and nitrate plus lots of other contaminants and is good stuff, but is expensive
There are sulphur and alcohol based denitrators that work on a really slow flowrate ( 10 lph ) and allowing the media to become anaerobic.
You can make your own nitrate remover by utilising a canister and putting a really slow flow through it, ( look on the web, there are lots of DIY methods )
There are downsides to these type of nitrate filters ( highly acid output / production of hydrogen sulphide )
I change 40% of the water on my large tanks every 2nd day and I dont see any stress on the fish to be honest, but the water is preheated and is RO/HMA filtered
Steve