The sharpness of the gravel or sand wearing off barbels is pretty much a myth. Barbel erosion is largely a function of water quality. There was a nice experiment done with a tank with crushed glass substrate -- about as sharp as you can get -- with frequent large water changes, and a tank with sand and no water changes -- and the barbels eroded on the fish in the tank with sand and no water changes. (The study is on the Skeptical Aquarist's website, but it seems to be down at the moment.)
It is not that the sharpness of the substrate has no effect. I think that the sharpness does introduce cuts, and if the water quality is low, those cuts are more likely to be infected and result in erosion. But a main root cause is the water quality. Good water quality allows the cuts to heal without infection, poor water quality leads to barbel erosion no matter what substrate there is.