Carbon is what is considered chemical filtration, and removes negative dissolved elements from the water. Unfortunately it also removes positive dissolved elements. If your water is discolored (not including algae or bacterial bloom), or has an odor, then carbon can help clear it. It is also used handy to clear medications out of the water. Whether you need it regularly depends on the quality of the water where you live, but more often then not it really isn't necessary. In a typical aquarium it lasts about 2 to 3 weeks before needing replacement.