A filter is a tool which, within its design limitations, will work only as well as the operator involved. This tool hosts bacteria, removes solids wastes from the water helps with cicrulation and usually oxygenation. But, like any tool, used improperly or not adequately maintained, it will fail. A vacuum cleaner is a wonderful thing until it fills up and you don't change the bag/empty it.
Because an aquarium is a closed system and limited in size, it can never be a self-sustaining ecosystem. What keeps our tanks clean and fish friendly is not which brands we use, or which of several methods we might choose to handle any given need. Rather, it is our actions in choosing adequate equipment and then doing regular tank maint. that keeps our aquariums healthy.
Never be fooled by miracle products or additives that claim to make the above unnecessary or trust the people who claim they can do so. Yes, better quality equipment or certain additives can be helpful, but they cannot replace things like rinsing media, vacuuming the bottom and changing water regularly. Good husbandry practices make for healthy aquariums.