Will This Work For My Co2? Dont Wanna Gas Fish"?

I have a citric acid DIY co2 setup I am using currently until I can buy a full setup. I wanted to know if I can put my CO2 diffuser (ceramic disc) into my filter where it would then shred the bubbles completely, dispersing all the Co2 into the water. It will pass through the filter however. Here is a picture of my setup so far:
 
I am scared it might remove the co2.

of course i will put it down farther into the water

Oxygen exchange is created through water movement on the surface. Putting the CO2 through the filter will not effect this. But make sure you have a CO2 gauge to work out the oxygen to co2 in the tank so you don't remove too much oxygen from the tank.

I would put the diffuser in separately as the ph change may not help the bacteria in your filter if you hold it directly in there.