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No one has addressed the temperature issues of your original stocking list.
Bettas like it warm, between 75 &80 degrees, whereas celestial pearl danios prefer cooler water around 70-74, so they are not suitable tank mates.
Cpd's are also shy fish, & keeping them with larger fish tends to make them hide as they feel threatened.
The Badis are very territorial, so in a tank that size the most you could possibly do would be one male & 2 females, but no Betta, as being from the same family problems could arise
Bristlenose are fantastic at pooing, so I would say no to one in a tank that small. I personally would say no to a group of badis too, more on the grounds of they prefer live foods, and knowing how piggish betta can be, I can see one out competing any badis. Badis can also be quite territorial from what I've read, which is why they do better in a longer tank- there's more room for different territories and more room to add plants and bogwood, etc. to break the line of sight. Just because a fish is small doesn't mean it will do well in a small tank
If you're worried about the betta eating any cherry shrimp, why not go for a smaller group of ammano shrimp? They're fantastic little creatures and are really fascinating to watch!