Polyps just sit there looking pretty and clean your water.(Very nice, be very happy.)
Yep, a Royal Gramma.
I am afraid that I am going to have to follow in Adrinal's foot steps on the second, can't really see from the photo.
I am pretty sure the 5th photo is a dog, he looks a little big for a 30 gallon tank. But who knows, with a little pushing you might be able to get him in there. (Cool dog, is he yours?)